For the purpose of this Directive, the following definitions apply:

1. (a)

   ‘non-cash payment instrument’ means a non-corporeal or corporeal protected device, object or record, or a combination thereof, other than legal tender, and which, alone or in conjunction with a procedure or a set of procedures, enables the holder or user to transfer money or monetary value, including through digital means of exchange;

2. (b)

   ‘protected device, object or record’ means a device, object or record safeguarded against imitation or fraudulent use, for example through design, coding or signature;

3. (c)
   ‘digital means of exchange’ means any electronic money as defined in point (2) of Article 2 of Directive 2009/110/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council12 or virtual currency;
4. (d)

   ‘virtual currency’ means a digital representation of value that is not issued or guaranteed by a central bank or a public authority, is not necessarily attached to a legally established currency and does not possess a legal status of a currency or money, but is accepted by natural or legal persons as a means of exchange, and which can be transferred, stored and traded electronically;

5. (e)

   ‘information system’ means information system as defined in point (a) of Article 2 of Directive 2013/40/EU;

6. (f)

   ‘computer data’ means computer data as defined in point (b) of Article 2 of Directive 2013/40/EU;

7. (g)

   ‘legal person’ means an entity having legal personality under the applicable law, except for states or public bodies in the exercise of state authority and for public international organisations.