CHAPTER V

APPEALS PROCEDURES

The right to an effective remedy
Article 46
1
Member States shall ensure that applicants have the right to an effective remedy before a court or tribunal, against the following:
a
a decision taken on their application for international protection, including a decision:
1. considering an application to be unfounded in relation to refugee status and/or subsidiary protection status;
2. considering an application to be inadmissible pursuant to Article 33(2);
3. taken at the border or in the transit zones of a Member State as described in Article 43(1);
4. not to conduct an examination pursuant to Article 39;
b
a refusal to reopen the examination of an application after its discontinuation pursuant to Articles 27 and 28;
c
a decision to withdraw international protection pursuant to Article 45.
2
Member States shall ensure that persons recognised by the determining authority as eligible for subsidiary protection have the right to an effective remedy pursuant to paragraph 1 against a decision considering an application unfounded in relation to refugee status.
Without prejudice to paragraph 1(c), where the subsidiary protection status granted by a Member State offers the same rights and benefits as those offered by the refugee status under Union and national law, that Member State may consider an appeal against a decision considering an application unfounded in relation to refugee status inadmissible on the grounds of insufficient interest on the part of the applicant in maintaining the proceedings.
3
In order to comply with paragraph 1, Member States shall ensure that an effective remedy provides for a full and ex nunc examination of both facts and points of law, including, where applicable, an examination of the international protection needs pursuant to Directive 2011/95/EU, at least in appeals procedures before a court or tribunal of first instance.
4
Member States shall provide for reasonable time limits and other necessary rules for the applicant to exercise his or her right to an effective remedy pursuant to paragraph 1. The time limits shall not render such exercise impossible or excessively difficult.
Member States may also provide for an ex officio review of decisions taken pursuant to Article 43.
5
Without prejudice to paragraph 6, Member States shall allow applicants to remain in the territory until the time limit within which to exercise their right to an effective remedy has expired and, when such a right has been exercised within the time limit, pending the outcome of the remedy.
6
In the case of a decision:
a
considering an application to be manifestly unfounded in accordance with Article 32(2) or unfounded after examination in accordance with Article 31(8), except for cases where these decisions are based on the circumstances referred to in Article 31(8)(h);
b
considering an application to be inadmissible pursuant to Article 33(2)(a), (b) or (d);
c
rejecting the reopening of the applicant’s case after it has been discontinued according to Article 28; or
d
not to examine or not to examine fully the application pursuant to Article 39,
a court or tribunal shall have the power to rule whether or not the applicant may remain on the territory of the Member State, either upon the applicant’s request or acting ex officio, if such a decision results in ending the applicant’s right to remain in the Member State and where in such cases the right to remain in the Member State pending the outcome of the remedy is not provided for in national law.
7
Paragraph 6 shall only apply to procedures referred to in Article 43 provided that:
a
the applicant has the necessary interpretation, legal assistance and at least one week to prepare the request and submit to the court or tribunal the arguments in favour of granting him or her the right to remain on the territory pending the outcome of the remedy; and
b
in the framework of the examination of the request referred to in paragraph 6, the court or tribunal examines the negative decision of the determining authority in terms of fact and law.
If the conditions referred to in points (a) and (b) are not met, paragraph 5 shall apply.
8
Member States shall allow the applicant to remain in the territory pending the outcome of the procedure to rule whether or not the applicant may remain on the territory, laid down in paragraphs 6 and 7.
9
Paragraphs 5, 6 and 7 shall be without prejudice to Article 26 of Regulation (EU) No 604/2013.
10
Member States may lay down time limits for the court or tribunal pursuant to paragraph 1 to examine the decision of the determining authority.
11
Member States may also lay down in national legislation the conditions under which it can be assumed that an applicant has implicitly withdrawn or abandoned his or her remedy pursuant to paragraph 1, together with the rules on the procedure to be followed.