Directive 2011/88/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council
of 16 November 2011
amending Directive 97/68/EC as regards the provisions for engines placed on the market under the flexibility scheme
(Text with EEA relevance)
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 114 thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission,
After transmission of the draft legislative act to the national parliaments,
Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee ,
Acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure ,
Whereas:
(1)
Directive 97/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 1997 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery concerns exhaust emissions and emission limits of air pollutants from engines installed in non-road mobile machinery and contributes to the protection of human health and the environment. Directive 97/68/EC provided that emission limits applicable to type-approval of the majority of compression ignition engines under Stage III A were to be replaced by the more stringent limits under Stage III B. Those limits apply from 1 January 2010 as regards the type-approval for those engines and from 1 January 2011 with regard to the placing on the market of those engines.
(2)

The revision of Directive 97/68/EC is currently being prepared by the Commission in line with the requirements of Article 2 of Directive 2004/26/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 amending Directive 97/68/EC . In order to ensure that the revised Directive is in line with Union standards for good air quality, and in the light of experience, scientific findings and available technologies, the Commission should, in the upcoming revision of Directive 97/68/EC and subject to impact assessment, consider:
- establishing a new emission stage – Stage V – that should be based, subject to technical feasibility, on the requirements of Euro VI standards for heavy-duty vehicles,
- introducing new requirements for the reduction of particulate matter, namely a particulate number limit that applies for all compression ignition engine categories, where technically feasible, so as to ensure an effective reduction of ultra-fine particles,
- taking a comprehensive approach to promoting emission-reducing provisions and retrofitting of after-treatment systems on the existing fleet of non-road mobile machinery on the basis of the currently ongoing discussions under the auspices of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe regarding harmonised requirements for retrofit emission control devices; this approach should support Member States’ efforts to improve air quality and to promote the protection of workers,
- establishing a method providing for the periodic testing of non-road mobile machinery and vehicles, in particular to establish whether their emissions performance complies with the values given at registration,
- the possibility of authorising, under certain conditions, replacement engines that do not comply with Stage III A requirements for railcars and locomotives,
- the possibility of harmonising the specific emission standards for rail with relevant standards at international level so as to ensure the availability of affordable engines that comply with the emission limits set.
(3)
The transition to Stage III B involves a step change in technology requiring significant implementation costs for redesigning the engines and for developing advanced technical solutions. However, the current global financial and economic crisis or any conjunctural economic fluctuations should not lead to a lowering of environmental standards. This revision of Directive 97/68/EC should therefore be considered to be exceptional. Furthermore, investments in environmentally friendly technologies are important for the promotion of future growth, jobs and health security.
(4)
Directive 97/68/EC provides for a flexibility scheme to allow equipment manufacturers to purchase, in the period between two emission stages, a limited number of engines that do not comply with the emission limits applicable during that period, but which are approved in accordance with the requirements of the stage immediately preceding the applicable one.
(5)
Point (b) of Article 2 of Directive 2004/26/EC provides for the evaluation of the possible need for additional flexibilities.
(6)
During Stage III B, the maximum number of engines used for applications other than the propulsion of railcars, locomotives and inland waterways vessels that may be placed on the market under the flexibility scheme should be increased, in each engine category, from 20 % to 37,5 % of the annual quantity of equipment with engines in that category that is placed on the market by the equipment manufacturer. An optional alternative of placing a fixed number of engines on the market under the flexibility scheme should be available. That fixed number of engines should also be revised and should not exceed the ceilings laid down in Section 1.2.2 of Annex XIII to Directive 97/68/EC.
(7)
The rules applicable to the flexibility scheme should be adapted to extend the application of that scheme to engines for use in the propulsion of locomotives for a strictly limited period of time.
(8)
Improving air quality is a major Union goal pursued through Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe . Tackling emissions at source is essential for meeting that goal, including reducing emissions from the non-road mobile machinery sector.
(9)
Enterprises operating with machines that fall within the scope of this Directive should benefit from European financial support programmes or any relevant support programmes provided by Member States. Those support programmes should be aimed at favouring the early introduction of the highest emission standards.
(10)
Directive 97/68/EC provides for an exemption for replacement engines, which does not apply to railcars and locomotives. However, considering weight and dimensional constraints, it is necessary to provide for a limited exemption also for replacement engines in railcars and locomotives.
(11)
The measures set out in this Directive reflect a temporary difficulty faced by the manufacturing sector, resulting in no permanent adaptation, and as such, the application of those measures should be restricted to the duration of Stage III B or, where no subsequent stage exists, to 3 years.
(12)
Taking into account the special infrastructure of the United Kingdom rail network, which results in a different structural gauge and consequently weight and dimensional constraints, and therefore requires a longer adaptation period for the new emission limits, it is appropriate to provide for more flexibility for this particular market in engines for use in locomotives.
(13)
Directive 97/68/EC should therefore be amended accordingly,
HAVE ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:
OJ C 48, 15.2.2011, p. 134.
Position of the European Parliament of 25 October 2011 (not yet published in the Official Journal) and decision of the Council of 8 November 2011.
OJ L 59, 27.2.1998, p. 1.
OJ L 146, 30.4.2004, p. 1.
OJ L 152, 11.6.2008, p. 1.