Live animals and food of animal origin appear on the list in Annex I to the Treaty. Livestock farming and the placing on the market of food of animal origin constitute an important source of income for farmers. The implementation of veterinary measures aimed at raising the level of public and animal health in the Community assists the rational development of the farming sector.

The protection of human health against diseases and infections transmissible directly or indirectly between animals and humans (zoonoses) is of paramount importance.

Zoonoses transmissible through food may cause human suffering, as well as economic losses to food production and the food industry.

Zoonoses transmitted through sources other than food, especially from wild animal and pet animal populations, are also a matter of concern.

With the assistance of the Community reference laboratory for the epidemiology of zoonoses, the Commission collects the results of monitoring yearly from Member States and compiles them. Publication of the results has taken place yearly since 1995. They provide a basis for the evaluation of the current situation concerning zoonoses and zoonotic agents. However, the data collection systems are not harmonised and therefore do not permit comparisons between Member States.

Moreover, a future regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the hygiene of foodstuffs should cover specific elements necessary for prevention, control and monitoring of zoonoses and zoonotic agents and include specific requirements for the microbiological quality of food.

The collection of data on the occurrence of zoonoses and zoonotic agents in animals, food, feed and humans is necessary to determine the trends and sources of zoonoses.

In its opinion on zoonoses adopted on 12 April 2000, the Scientific Committee on Veterinary Measures relating to Public Health considered that the measures in place at that time to control food-borne zoonotic infections were insufficient. It further considered that the epidemiological data that Member States were collecting were incomplete and not fully comparable. As a consequence, the Committee recommended improved monitoring arrangements and identified risk-management options. In particular, the Committee identified Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC), Listeria monocytogenes, Cryptosporidium spp., Echinococcus granulosus/multilocularis and Trichinella spiralis as public health priorities.

Where necessary to make data easier to compile and compare, monitoring should take place on a harmonised basis. This would make it possible to evaluate trends and sources of zoonoses and zoonotic agents within the Community. The data collected, together with data from other sources, should form the basis for risk assessment of zoonotic organisms.

Priority should be given to those zoonoses posing the greatest risk to human health. However, the monitoring systems should also facilitate the detection of emerging or newly emerging zoonotic diseases and new strains of zoonotic organisms.

The alarming emergence of resistance to antimicrobial agents (such as antimicrobial medicinal products and antimicrobial feed additives) is a characteristic that should be monitored. Provision should be made for such monitoring to cover not only zoonotic agents but also, in so far as they present a threat to public health, other agents. In particular, the monitoring of indicator organisms might be appropriate. Such organisms constitute a reservoir of resistance genes, which they can transfer to pathogenic bacteria.

In addition to general monitoring, specific needs may be recognised which may necessitate the establishment of coordinated monitoring programmes. Attention should be paid in particular to zoonoses listed in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 2160/2003.

If thoroughly investigated, food-borne outbreaks of zoonoses provide the opportunity to identify the pathogen, the food vehicle involved and the factors in the food preparation and handling that contributed to the outbreak. It is therefore appropriate to make provision for such investigations and for close cooperation between the various authorities.

To ensure that information collected on zoonoses and zoonotic agents can be used effectively, appropriate rules should be laid down concerning the exchange of all relevant information. That information should be collected in Member States and transmitted to the Commission in the form of reports, which should be forwarded to the European Food Safety Authority and made available to the public in an appropriate way without delay.

The reports should be submitted on an annual basis. However, additional reports may be appropriate, when warranted by circumstances.

It may be appropriate to designate national and Community reference laboratories for giving guidance and assistance for analysis and testing in relation to zoonoses and zoonotic agents falling within the scope of this Directive.

Appropriate procedures should be laid down for amending certain provisions of this Directive to take account of technical and scientific progress and for the adoption of implementing and transitional measures.

To take account of technical and scientific progress, close and effective cooperation should be ensured between the Commission and the Member States within the Standing Committee set up by Regulation (EC) No 178/2002.

Member States cannot, acting alone, collect comparable data to provide a basis for risk assessment of zoonotic organisms of significance at Community level. The collection of such data can better be achieved at Community level. The Community may therefore adopt measures, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty. In accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article, this Directive does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve those objectives. The responsibility for establishing and maintaining monitoring systems should lie with Member States.