For the purposes of this Directive, the following definitions shall apply:

1. 1.

   the definitions laid down in Regulation (EC) No 178/2002, and

2. 2.

   the following definitions:

   1. (a)

      ‘zoonosis’ means any disease and/or infection which is naturally transmissible directly or indirectly between animals and humans;

   2. (b)

      ‘zoonotic agent’ means any virus, bacterium, fungus, parasite or other biological entity which is likely to cause a zoonosis;

   3. (c)

      ‘antimicrobial resistance’ means the ability of micro-organisms of certain species to survive or even to grow in the presence of a given concentration of an antimicrobial agent, that is usually sufficient to inhibit or kill micro-organisms of the same species;

   4. (d)

      ‘food-borne outbreak’ means an incidence, observed under given circumstances, of two or more human cases of the same disease and/or infection, or a situation in which the observed number of cases exceeds the expected number and where the cases are linked, or are probably linked, to the same food source;

   5. (e)

      ‘monitoring’ means a system of collecting, analysing and disseminating data on the occurrence of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and antimicrobial resistance related thereto.