Member States shall ensure that all discharges referred to in paragraph 2 into surface waters are controlled according to the combined approach set out in this Article.

Member States shall ensure the establishment and/or implementation of:

1. (a)

   the emission controls based on best available techniques, or

2. (b)

   the relevant emission limit values, or

3. (c)

   in the case of diffuse impacts the controls including, as appropriate, best environmental practices

set out in:

• Council Directive 96/61/EC of 24 September 1996 concerning integrated pollution prevention and control19,
• Council Directive 91/271/EEC of 21 May 1991 concerning urban waste-water treatment20,
• Council Directive 91/676/EEC of 12 December 1991 concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources21,

• the Directives adopted pursuant to Article 16 of this Directive,

• the Directives listed in Annex IX,

• any other relevant Community legislation

at the latest 12 years after the date of entry into force of this Directive, unless otherwise specified in the legislation concerned.

Where a quality objective or quality standard, whether established pursuant to this Directive, in the Directives listed in Annex IX, or pursuant to any other Community legislation, requires stricter conditions than those which would result from the application of paragraph 2, more stringent emission controls shall be set accordingly.