On 2 December 2009, following a recommendation from the Commission, the Council decided, by Decision 2010/288/EU, in accordance with Article 126(6) of the Treaty, that an excessive deficit existed in Portugal. The Council noted that the general government deficit planned for 2009 was 5,9 % of GDP, thus above the 3 %-of-GDP Treaty reference value. The general government gross debt (which had been above the 60 %-of-GDP Treaty reference value since 2005) was foreseen to reach 74,5 % of GDP in 2009.

On 2 December 2009, in accordance with Article 126(7) of the Treaty and Article 3(4) of Council Regulation (EC) No 1467/97, the Council, based on a recommendation from the Commission, addressed a Recommendation to Portugal with a view to bringing the excessive deficit situation to an end by 2013 at the latest. The Council also set a deadline of 2 June 2010 for effective action to be taken.

Following the request by the Portuguese authorities for financial assistance from the Union, the Member States whose currency is the euro and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Council granted financial assistance to Portugal. The Memorandum of Understanding on Specific Economic Policy Conditionality between the Commission and the Portuguese authorities was signed on 17 May 2011. Thereafter the Council addressed two new Recommendations to Portugal on 9 October 2012 and 21 June 2013 on the basis of Article 126(7) of the Treaty, which extended the deadline for correcting the excessive deficit to 2014 and 2015, respectively. In both cases, the Council considered that Portugal had taken effective action, but unexpected adverse economic events with major unfavourable consequences for government finances had occurred. In line with Article 10(2)(a) of Regulation (EU) No 472/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Portugal was exempted from a separate reporting requirement under the excessive deficit procedure and reported in the framework of its macroeconomic adjustment programme.

In accordance with Article 126(8) of the Treaty, the Council decided, on 12 July 2016, that Portugal had not taken effective action in response to the Council Recommendation of 21 June 2013. On 8 August 2016, the Council adopted a decision in accordance with Article 126(9) of the Treaty giving notice to Portugal to take measures for the deficit reduction judged necessary in order to remedy the situation of excessive deficit, thereby setting a new deadline for correction by 2016. The Council also set a deadline of 15 October 2016 for effective action to be taken.

On 16 November 2016, the Commission concluded that Portugal had taken effective action in compliance with the Council Decision of 8 August 2016 under Article 126(9) of the Treaty.

In accordance with Article 4 of the Protocol on the excessive deficit procedure annexed to the Treaties, the Commission provides the statistical data for the implementation of the procedure. As part of the application of that Protocol, Member States are to notify statistical data on government deficits and debt and other associated variables twice a year, namely before 1 April and before 1 October, in accordance with Article 3 of Council Regulation (EC) No 479/2009.

The Council has to take a decision to abrogate a decision on the existence of an excessive deficit on the basis of notified statistical data. Moreover, a decision on the existence of an excessive deficit should be abrogated only if the Commission forecasts indicate that the deficit will not exceed the 3 %-of-GDP Treaty reference value over the forecast horizon.

After reaching 4,4 % of GDP in 2015 (3,1 % of GDP net of one-offs), the general government deficit was reduced to 2,0 % of GDP in 2016 (2,3 % of GDP net of one-offs). As compared to the targets set out in the 2016 budget, the deficit reduction in 2016 was mainly driven by the containment of current expenditure (– 0,9 % of GDP), particularly in intermediate consumption, and under-execution of capital expenditure (– 0,5 % of GDP), which more than compensated the revenue shortfall (1,1 % of GDP) for both tax and non-tax revenue. The Stability Programme for 2017-2021, submitted by the Portuguese Government on 28 April 2017, is planning for the general government deficit to decline to 1,5 % of GDP in 2017 and 1,0 % of GDP in 2018. The Commission 2017 spring forecast projects a deficit of 1,8 % of GDP in 2017 and 1,9 % of GDP in 2018, thus remaining below the 3 %-of-GDP Treaty reference value over the forecast horizon. Those projections do not include the potential deficit-increasing impact of bank support measures, which are not to put at risk the durable reduction of the deficit. The structural balance, which is the general government balance adjusted for the economic cycle and net of one-off and other temporary measures, improved by 0,3 % of GDP in 2016. The gross government debt-to-GDP increased to 130,4 % in 2016, from 129 % in 2015, due to debt-increasing stock-flow adjustments. The Commission 2017 spring forecast projects the debt ratio to decrease to 128,5 % in 2017 and 126,2 % in 2018 due to primary surpluses.

In accordance with Article 126(12) of the Treaty, a Council decision on the existence of an excessive deficit is to be abrogated when the excessive deficit in the Member State concerned has, in the view of the Council, been corrected.

In the view of the Council, the excessive deficit in Portugal has been corrected, and Decision 2010/288/EU should therefore be abrogated.

As from 2017, which is the year following the correction of the excessive deficit, Portugal is subject to the preventive arm of the Stability and Growth Pact and should progress towards its medium-term budgetary objective at an appropriate pace, including respecting the expenditure benchmark, and comply with the debt criterion in accordance with Article 2(1a) of Regulation (EC) No 1467/97,