The EU is facing an unprecedented migratory and refugee crisis following a sharp increase of mixed migratory flows since 2015. This has led to severe difficulties in ensuring efficient external border control in accordance with the Schengen acquis and in the reception and processing of migrants arriving. Wider structural deficiencies in the way the Union's external borders are protected have also become evident in this crisis.

The Hellenic Republic is, mainly due to its geographical situation, particularly affected by these developments and has faced a dramatic increase in the number of migrants arriving on the Aegean islands.

On 12 February 2016 the Council adopted recommendations on addressing the serious deficiencies identified during the evaluation and indicated the priorities for implementing them. Appropriate measures should be taken by the Hellenic authorities to ensure that at all its external borders, external border control is carried out and brought in line with the Schengen acquis in order not to jeopardise the functioning of the Schengen area.

On 24 February 2016 the Commission adopted recommendations on specific measures to be taken by the Hellenic Republic following the evaluation report of 2 February 2016 to ensure compliance with the recommendations of the Council of 12 February 2016.

On 12 March 2016 the Hellenic Republic notified its Action Plan to remedy the deficiencies identified in the evaluation report and subject to the Council recommendations. The Commission presented on 12 April 2016 its assessment of the adequacy of the Action Plan to the Council. While the Commission concluded that significant progress has been made by Greece, further improvements to the Action Plan are needed in order to adequately and comprehensively address the deficiencies identified in the Evaluation Report. It requested Greece to provide additional elements and clarifications on its Action Plan by 26 April.

On 26 April 2016 the Hellenic Republic provided the Commission with the requested additional elements and clarifications on its Action Plan. On 29 April 2016, the Hellenic Republic transmitted to the Commission the Report on the implementation of the Action Plan in accordance with Article 16(4) of Regulation (EU) No 1053/2013.

The record number of migrants arriving in the European Union since 2015 and the deficiencies at parts of the Union's external border identified during the November 2015 evaluation have resulted in important secondary movements, causing a serious threat to public policy or internal security in several Member States.

Despite this significant progress, not all of the serious deficiencies identified could be adequately and comprehensively addressed within the three months' time limit laid down in Article 21(3) of Regulation (EU) 2016/399. Some of the serious deficiencies in external border control persist, and they put at risk the overall functioning of the area without internal border control. In particular, structural deficiencies in external border control related to the overall border management system, border surveillance and situational awareness, have not been remedied yet. Moreover, a number of persons who stay irregularly on the territory of the Hellenic Republic have not been registered and may seek to move irregularly to other Member States. This risk of secondary movements is particularly high for those irregular migrants who are not accommodated in adequate reception facilities. Finally, while the Council recommended that the Hellenic Republic should take appropriate measures to ensure that at all its external borders, external border control is carried out and brought in line with the Schengen acquis, border surveillance at the border with the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia is currently not fully compliant with the Schengen Borders Code. This adds to the risk of secondary movements of migrants to other Member States.

Consequently, some of the serious deficiencies in external border controls that triggered secondary movements of irregular migrants and prompted several Member States to temporarily reintroduce internal border controls for reasons related to public policy or internal security persist, putting at risk the overall functioning of the area without internal border control. This persistent risk of secondary movements requires a coherent, coordinated and sustainable approach of temporary internal border control.

As all other measures have been ineffective in mitigating the serious threat identified, it follows that the conditions for applying Article 29 of the Schengen Borders Code as a last resort are fulfilled.

Therefore, a recommendation to carry out internal border control under Article 29 of the Schengen Borders Code should be addressed, based on the information available, to those Member States that are currently carrying out internal border control in response to a serious threat to public policy or internal security that was caused by secondary movements of irregular migrants, namely Germany, Denmark, Austria and Sweden and the associated country Norway. These Member States should be permitted to carry out such controls as these controls adequately address the serious threat to public policy and internal security related to the secondary movements of irregular migrants. The internal borders currently affected by the checks correspond to the identified migratory routes and threats, with focus on specific land border sections or specific ports.

The Member States that decide to carry out internal border control following the present Recommendation should notify the other Member States, the European Parliament and the Commission accordingly.

The controls under Article 29 of the Schengen Borders Code should be carried out only to the necessary extent, limited in their intensity of the controls to the absolute minimum necessary and impeding as less as possible the crossing of the respective internal borders for the general public. For this purpose, only targeted controls should be carried out. The necessity of these controls, together with the border sections affected, should be re-evaluated regularly in cooperation with the Member States concerned.

Border control should take place only as long as required to address the threat to public policy and internal security. Several legislative initiatives and actions undertaken by the Union in order to reinforce its external border management (European Coast and Border Guard, return to a full application of EU asylum law provisions by the Hellenic Republic, stepping up of the implementation of the emergency relocation scheme, the EU-Turkey Statement) should also be in place and fully operational without delay and thus further contribute to a substantial reduction in the secondary movements of irregular migrants.

The Council takes note that the Commission will monitor the application of this recommendation and, where necessary and proportionate, propose adaptations to reflect changes in the specific circumstances that have led to the adoption of this recommendation, in accordance with the provisions of Article 29 of the Schengen Borders Code.

The Commission has also announced that it will report to the European Parliament and the Council after four months as from the date of the adoption of this recommendation on its application, or earlier if possible, and on that occasion may propose amendments to this recommendation in light of the experience acquired and the circumstances,