Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2016/587
of 14 April 2016
on the approval of the technology used in efficient vehicle exterior lighting using light emitting diodes as an innovative technology for reducing CO2 emissions from passenger cars pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council
(Text with EEA relevance) (repealed)

THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,
Having regard to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 setting emissions performance standards for new passenger cars as part of the Community's integrated approach to reduce CO2 emissions from light-duty vehicles, and in particular Article 12(4) thereof,
OJ L 140, 5.6.2009, p. 1.
Whereas:
(1) The application submitted by the manufacturer Mazda Motor Europe GmbH on 7 July 2015 for the approval of light emitting diodes (LED) lighting, and the application submitted by Honda on 8 January 2016 for the approval of efficient exterior LED lighting have been assessed in accordance with Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009, Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 and the Technical Guidelines for the preparation of applications for the approval of innovative technologies pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009.
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 of 25 July 2011 establishing a procedure for the approval and certification of innovative technologies for reducing CO2 emissions from passenger cars pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 194, 26.7.2011, p. 19).
(2) The information provided in the Mazda and Honda applications demonstrates that the conditions and the criteria referred to in Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 and in Articles 2 and 4 of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 have been met. As a consequence, the Mazda and Honda efficient exterior LED lighting should be approved as innovative technologies.
(3) By Implementing Decisions 2014/128/EU, (EU) 2015/206 and (EU) 2016/160 the Commission has approved three applications concerning technologies that contribute to improving the efficiency of exterior lighting systems. Based on the experience gained from the assessment of those applications as well as the Mazdaand Honda applications, it has been satisfactorily and conclusively demonstrated that efficient exterior LED lighting including one or appropriate combinations of efficient exterior LED lights such as the low beam headlamp, high beam headlamp, front position, front fog, rear fog, front turn signal, rear turn signal, licence plate and reversing lamps meet the eligibility criteria referred to in Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 and Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 and provide a reduction in CO2 emissions of at least 1 g CO2/km as compared to a baseline exterior lighting package including the same combination of vehicle lights.
Commission Implementing Decision 2014/128/EU of 10 March 2014 on the approval of the light emitting diodes low beam module ‘E-Light’ as an innovative technology for reducing CO2 emissions from passenger cars pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 70, 11.3.2014, p. 30).
Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2015/206 of 9 February 2015 on the approval of the Daimler AG efficient exterior lighting using light emitting diodes as an innovative technology for reducing CO2 emissions from passenger cars pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 33, 10.2.2015, p. 52).
Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2016/160 of 5 February 2016 on the approval of the Toyota Motor Europe efficient exterior lighting using light emitting diodes as an innovative technology for reducing CO2 emissions from passenger cars pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (OJ L 31, 6.2.2016, p. 70).
(4) It is therefore appropriate to provide manufacturers with the possibility to certify the CO2 savings from efficient exterior LED lighting that satisfy those conditions. In order to ensure that only exterior LED lighting that are compliant with those conditions are proposed for certification, the manufacturer should provide a verification report from an independent verification body confirming the compliance together with the application for certification submitted to the type approval authority.
(5) If the type approval authority finds that the LED lighting does not satisfy the conditions for certification the application for certification of the savings should be rejected.
(6) It is appropriate to approve the testing methodology for determining the CO2 savings from exterior LED lighting.
(7) In order to determine the CO2 savings from an exterior LED lighting, it is necessary to establish the baseline technology against which the efficiency of the LED lighting should be assessed. On the basis of the experience gained, it is appropriate to consider halogen lighting as a baseline technology.
(8) The savings from an exterior LED lighting may be partially demonstrated by the test referred to in Annex XII to Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008. It is therefore necessary to ensure that this partial coverage is taken into account in the testing methodology for CO2 savings from exterior LED lighting.
Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 of 18 July 2008 implementing and amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council on type-approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information (OJ L 199, 28.7.2008, p. 1).
(9) In order to facilitate a wider deployment of efficient exterior LED lighting in new vehicles, a manufacturer should also have the possibility to apply for the certification of the CO2 savings from several exterior LED lighting by a single certification application. It is however appropriate to ensure that where this possibility is used a mechanism is applied that incentivises the deployment of only those exterior LED lighting that offer the highest efficiency.
(10) For the purposes of determining the general eco-innovation code to be used in the relevant type approval documents in accordance with Annexes I, VIII and IX to Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, the individual code to be used for the innovative technology for exterior LED lighting should be specified,
Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of 5 September 2007 establishing a framework for the approval of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of systems, components and separate technical units intended for such vehicles (Framework Directive) (OJ L 263, 9.10.2007, p. 1).
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

Article 1 Approval
The technology used in the Mazda light emitting diodes (LED) lighting and in the Honda LED lighting is approved as an innovative technology within the meaning of Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009.

Article 2 Application for certification of CO2 savings
1. The manufacturer may apply for the certification of CO 2 savings from one or several exterior LED lighting intended for use in internal combustion engine M 1 vehicles or in not off-vehicle charging hybrid electric M 1 vehicles (NOVC-HEVs) that comply with point (3) of paragraph 5.3.2 of Annex 8 to Regulation No 101 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations, including such vehicles that are capable of running on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), compressed natural gas (CNG) or E85 in addition to petrol or diesel, or a combination of those fuels, and provided that the vehicles are fitted with one or a combination of the following LED lights:
(a) low beam headlamp;
(b) high beam headlamp;
(c) front position lamp;
(d) front fog lamp;
(e) rear fog lamp;
(f) front turn signal lamp;
(g) rear turn signal lamp;
(h) licence plate lamp;
(i) reversing lamp.
The LED light or the combination of LED lights forming the efficient exterior LED lighting shall as a minimum provide the CO2 reduction specified in Article 9(1)(a) of Regulation (EU) No 725/2011.
Substituted by Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2020/1168 of 6 August 2020 amending Implementing Decision (EU) 2016/587 as regards efficient vehicle exterior lighting using light emitting diodes in passenger cars capable of running on certain alternative fuels (Text with EEA relevance).
2. An application for the certification of the savings from one or several efficient exterior LED lighting shall be accompanied by an independent verification report certifying that that or those LED lighting complies with the conditions set out in paragraph 1.
3. The Secretary of State shall reject the application for certification if the Secretary of State finds that one or several exterior LED lighting do not comply with the conditions set out in paragraph 1.
Words in Art. 2(3) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Road Vehicle Carbon Dioxide Emission Performance Standards (Cars and Vans) (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/550), regs. 1, 22(1A)(a) (as inserted by S.I. 2020/1418, regs. 1(2), 2(6)(a)); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
Words in Art. 2(3) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Road Vehicle Carbon Dioxide Emission Performance Standards (Cars and Vans) (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/550), regs. 1, 22(1A)(b) (as inserted by S.I. 2020/1418, regs. 1(2), 2(6)(a)); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

Article 3 Certification of CO2 savings
1. The reduction in CO2 emissions from the use of efficient exterior LED lighting referred to in Article 2(1) shall be determined using the methodology set out in the Annex.
2. Where a manufacturer applies for the certification of the CO2 savings from more than one efficient exterior LED lighting referred to in Article 2(1) in relation to one vehicle version, the Secretary of State shall determine which of the efficient exterior LED lighting tested delivers the lowest CO2 savings, and record the lowest value in the relevant type approval documentation. That value shall be indicated in the certificate of conformity in accordance with Article 11(2) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011.
Words in Art. 3(2) substituted (31.12.2020) by The Road Vehicle Carbon Dioxide Emission Performance Standards (Cars and Vans) (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/550), regs. 1, 22(1B) (as inserted by S.I. 2020/1418, regs. 1(2), 2(6)(a)); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)
3. Where the efficient exterior vehicle LED lights are fitted in a bi-fuel or flex-fuel vehicle, the approval authority shall record the CO 2 savings as follows:
(a) for a bi-fuel vehicle using petrol and gaseous fuels, the CO 2 savings value with regard to LPG or CNG;
(b) for a flex-fuel vehicle using petrol and E85, the CO 2 savings value with regard to petrol.
Inserted by Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2020/1168 of 6 August 2020 amending Implementing Decision (EU) 2016/587 as regards efficient vehicle exterior lighting using light emitting diodes in passenger cars capable of running on certain alternative fuels (Text with EEA relevance).
4. The certified CO 2 savings recorded by reference to eco-innovation code No 19 may only be taken into account for the calculation of the average specific emissions of manufacturers until 31 December 2020.

Article 4 Eco-innovation code
The eco-innovation code No 19 shall be entered into the type approval documentation where reference is made to this Decision in accordance with Article 11(1) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011.

Article 5 Entry into force
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Art. 5 omitted (31.12.2020) by virtue of The Road Vehicle Carbon Dioxide Emission Performance Standards (Cars and Vans) (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/550), regs. 1, 22(2); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

ANNEX METHODOLOGY TO DETERMINE THE CO2 SAVINGS OF EXTERIOR VEHICLE LIGHTING USING LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (LED).

1. INTRODUCTION
In order to determine the CO2 emission reductions that can be attributed to a package of efficient exterior LED lights consisting of an appropriate combination of vehicle lights referred to in Article 2 for the use in an M1 vehicle, it is necessary to establish the following:
(1) testing conditions;
(2) test equipment;
(3) determination of the power savings;
(4) calculation of the CO2 savings;
(5) calculation of the statistical error.

2. SYMBOLS, PARAMETERS AND UNITS

Latin symbols

CCO2
CO2 savings [g CO2/km]

CO2
Carbon dioxide

CF
Conversion factor as defined in Table 3

m
Number of efficient exterior LED lights composing the package

n
Number of measurements of the sample

P
Power consumption of the vehicle light [W]

SPEI
Standard deviation of the LED light power consumption [W]

SPEI–
Standard deviation of the LED light power consumption mean [W]

SCCO2
Standard deviation of the total CO2 savings [g CO2/km]

UF
Usage factor [-] as defined in Table 4

v
Mean driving speed of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) [km/h]

V Pe
Consumption of effective power as defined in Table 2

Sensitivity of calculated CO2 savings related to the LED light power consumption

Greek symbols

Δ
Difference

ηA
Alternator efficiency [%]

Subscripts
Index (i) refers to vehicle lights
Index (j) refers to measurement of the sample

EI
Eco-innovative

RW
Real-world conditions

TA
Type approval conditions

B
Baseline

3. TESTING CONDITIONS
The testing conditions shall fulfil the requirements of Regulation UN/ECE No 112 on Uniform provisions concerning the approval of motor vehicle headlamps emitting an asymmetrical passing beam or a driving beam or both and equipped with filament lamps and/or light-emitting diode (LED) modules. The power consumption shall be determined in accordance with point 6.1.4 of Regulation UN/ECE No 112 and points 3.2.1 and 3.2.2 of Annex 10 to that Regulation.
E/ECE/324/Rev.2/Add.111/Rev.3 — E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2/Add.111/Rev.3, 9 January 2013

4. TEST EQUIPMENT
The following equipment is to be used, as shown in the figure:
a power supply unit (i.e. variable voltage supplier);
two digital multimeters, one for measuring the DC-current, and the other for measuring the DC-voltage. In the figure, a possible test set-up is shown, when the DC-voltage meter is integrated in the power supply unit.

5. MEASUREMENTS AND DETERMINATION OF THE POWER SAVINGS
For each efficient exterior LED light included in the package the measurement of the current shall be performed as shown in the figure at a voltage of 13,2 V. LED module(s) operated by an electronic light source control gear, shall be measured as specified by the applicant.
The manufacturer may request that other measurements of the current shall be done at other additional voltages. In that case, the manufacturer must hand over verified documentation on the necessity to perform these other measurements to the Secretary of State. The measurements of the currents at each of those additional voltages are to be performed consecutively at least five (5) times. The exact installed voltages and the measured current is to be recorded in four decimals.
The power consumption has to be determined by multiplying the installed voltage with the measured current. The average of the power consumption for each efficient exterior LED light (
PEIi–
) has to be calculated. Each value must be expressed in 4 decimals. When a stepper motor or electronic controller is used for the supply of the electricity to the LED lamps, then the electric load of this component part is to be excluded from the measurement.
The resulting power savings of each efficient exterior LED light (ΔPi) are to be calculated with the following formula:

Formula 1
ΔPi=PBi−PEIi–
where the power consumption of the corresponding baseline vehicle light is defined by Table 1.

Table 1
Power requirements for different baseline vehicle lights
Vehicle light	Total electric power (PB)[W]
Low beam headlamp	137
High beam headlamp	150
Front position	12
License plate	12
Front fog lamp	124
Rear fog lamp	26
Front turn signal lamp	13
Rear turn signal lamp	13
Reversing lamp	52
Words in Annex substituted (31.12.2020) by The Road Vehicle Carbon Dioxide Emission Performance Standards (Cars and Vans) (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/550), regs. 1, 22(3) (as inserted by S.I. 2020/1418, regs. 1(2), 2(6)(b)); 2020 c. 1, Sch. 5 para. 1(1)

6. CALCULATION OF THE CO2 SAVINGS
The total CO2 savings of the lighting package are to be calculated by Formula 2.

Formula 2
CCO2=∑mi=1ΔPi×UFi×VPE×CFηA×v
where

v
Mean driving speed of the NEDC [km/h], which is 33,58 km/h

ηA
Alternator efficiency [%], which is 67 %

V Pe
Consumption of effective power as defined in Table 2

Table 2
Consumption of effective power
Type of Engine	Consumption of effective power (V pe ) [l/kWh]
Petrol/E85	0,264
Petrol/E85 Turbo	0,280
Diesel	0,220
LPG	0,342
LPG Turbo	0,363
	Consumption of effective power (V pe ) [m 3 /kWh]
CNG (G20)	0,259
CNG (G20) Turbo	0,275

CF
Conversion factor as defined in Table 3

Table 3
Fuel conversion factor (CF)
Type of fuel	Conversion factor (CF) [gCO 2 /l]
Petrol/E85	2 330
Diesel	2 640
LPG	1 629
	Conversion factor (CF) [gCO 2 /m 3 ]
CNG (G20)	1 795

UF
Usage factor of the vehicle light [-] as defined in Table 4

Table 4
Usage factor for different vehicle lights
Vehicle light	Usage factor (UF)[-]
Low beam headlamp	0,33
High beam headlamp	0,03
Front position	0,36
License plate	0,36
Front fog lamp	0,01
Rear fog lamp	0,01
Front turn signal lamp	0,15
Rear turn signal lamp	0,15
Reversing lamp	0,01

7. CALCULATION OF THE STATISTICAL ERROR
The statistical errors in the outcomes of the testing methodology caused by the measurements are to be quantified. For each efficient exterior LED light included in the package the standard deviation is calculated as defined by Formula 3.

Formula 3
SPEIi–=SPEIin=∑nj=1PEIij−PEIi–2nn−1
where:

n
Number of measurements of the sample, which is at least 5
The standard deviation of the power consumption of each efficient exterior LED light (
SPEIi–
) leads to an error in the CO2 savings (
SCCO2
). This error is to be calculated by means of Formula 4

Formula 4

8. STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE
It has to be demonstrated for each type, variant and version of a vehicle fitted with the combination of the efficient exterior LED lights that the error in the CO2 savings calculated with Formula 4 is not greater than the difference between the total CO2 savings and the minimum savings threshold specified in Article 9(1) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 (see Formula 5).

Formula 5
MT≤CCO2−SCCO2
where:

MT
Minimum threshold [gCO2/km], which is 1 gCO2/km
Where the total CO2 emission savings of the of the package of the efficient exterior LED lights, as a result of the calculation using Formula 5, are below the threshold specified in Article 9(1) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011, the second subparagraph of Article 11(2) of that Regulation shall apply.