Council Decision 2013/255/CFSP
of 31 May 2013
concerning restrictive measures against Syria

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on European Union, and in particular Article 29 thereof,
Whereas:

(1) On 27 May 2013, the Council agreed to adopt for a period of 12 months restrictive measures against Syria in the following fields, as specified in Council Decision 2012/739/CFSP of 29 November 2012 concerning restrictive measures against Syria:
OJ L 330, 30.11.2012, p. 21.
export and import restrictions with the exception of arms and related material and equipment which might be used for internal repression;
restrictions on financing of certain enterprises;
restrictions on infrastructure projects;
restrictions of financial support for trade;
financial sector;
transport sector;
restrictions on admission;
freezing of funds and economic resources.
(2) With regard to the possible export of arms to Syria, the Council took note of the commitment by Member States to proceed in their national policies in agreement with paragraph 2 of the Council Declaration adopted on 27 May 2013, including by assessing the export licence applications on a case-by-case basis, taking full account of the criteria set out in Council Common Position 2008/944/CFSP of 8 December 2008 defining common rules governing control of exports of military technology and equipment.
OJ L 335, 13.12.2008, p. 99.
(3) Further action by the Union is needed in order to implement certain measures,
HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

CHAPTER I EXPORT AND IMPORT RESTRICTIONS
Article 1 1. The sale, supply, transfer or export of certain equipment, goods and technology which might be used for internal repression or for the manufacture and maintenance of products which could be used for internal repression, to Syria by nationals of Member States or from the territories of Member States or using their flag vessels or aircraft, shall be prohibited, whether originating or not in their territories.
The Union shall take the necessary measures in order to determine the relevant items to be covered by this paragraph.
2. It shall be prohibited to:
(a) provide, directly or indirectly, technical assistance, brokering services or other services related to the items referred to in paragraph 1 or related to the provision, manufacture, maintenance and use of such items, to any natural or legal person, entity or body in, or for use in, Syria;
(b) provide, directly or indirectly, financing or financial assistance related to the items referred to in paragraph 1, including in particular grants, loans and export credit insurance, as well as insurance and reinsurance, for any sale, supply, transfer or export of such items, or for the provision of related technical assistance, brokering services or other services to any natural or legal person, entity or body in, or for use in, Syria.
3. Paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply to the sale, supply, transport or export of certain equipment, goods and technology which might be used for internal repression or for the manufacture and maintenance of products which could be used for internal repression or to the provision of related technical or financial assistance, where a Member State determines on a case-by-case basis that they are intended for:
(a) food, agricultural, medical or other humanitarian purposes, or for the benefit of UN Personnel, or personnel of the Union or its Member States; or
(b) activities undertaken in accordance with paragraph 10 of United Nations Security Council Resolution 2118(2013) and related decisions of the Executive Council of the OPCW, consistent with the objective of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (Chemical Weapons Convention) and after consultation with the OPCW.
Substituted by Council Decision 2013/760/CFSP of 13 December 2013 amending Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria.
Article 2 1. The sale, supply, transfer or export of certain equipment, goods or technology other than those referred to in Article 1(1) which might be used for internal repression or for the manufacture and maintenance of products which could be used for internal repression, to Syria by nationals of Member States or from the territories of Member States or using their flag vessels or aircraft, shall be subject to authorisation on a case-by-case basis by the competent authorities of the exporting Member State.
The Union shall take the necessary measures in order to determine the relevant items to be covered by this paragraph.
2. The provision of:
(a) technical assistance, brokering services or other services related to the items referred to in paragraph 1 or related to the provision, manufacture, maintenance and use of such items, to any natural or legal person, entity or body in, or for use in, Syria;
(b) financing or financial assistance related to the items referred to in paragraph 1, including in particular grants, loans and export credit insurance, as well as insurance and reinsurance, for any sale, supply, transfer or export of such items, or for the provision of related technical assistance, brokering services or other services to any natural or legal person, entity or body in, or for use in, Syria,
shall also be subject to an authorisation of the competent authority of the exporting Member State.
Article 3 1. The purchase, import or transport of arms and related material of all types, including weapons and ammunition, military vehicles and equipment, paramilitary equipment and spare parts for the aforementioned, from Syria or originating in Syria, shall be prohibited.
2. It shall be prohibited to provide, directly or indirectly, financing or financial assistance, including financial derivatives, as well as insurance and reinsurance, and brokering services related to insurance and reinsurance, for any purchase, import or transport of the items referred to in paragraph 1, from Syria or originating in Syria.
3. Paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply to the import or transport of chemical weapons or related material from Syria or originating in Syria, undertaken in accordance with paragraph 10 of UN Security Council Resolution 2118(2013) and related decisions of the Executive Council of the OPCW, consistent with the objective of the Chemical Weapons Convention.
Inserted by Council Decision 2013/760/CFSP of 13 December 2013 amending Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria.
Article 4 The sale, supply, transfer or export of equipment or software intended primarily for use in the monitoring or interception by the Syrian regime, or on its behalf, of the Internet and of telephone communications on mobile or fixed networks in Syria and the provision of assistance to install, operate or update such equipment or software shall be prohibited.
The Union shall take the necessary measures in order to determine the relevant items to be covered by this Article.
Article 5 1. The purchase, import or transport from Syria of crude oil and petroleum products shall be prohibited.
2. It shall be prohibited to provide, directly or indirectly, financing or financial assistance, including financial derivatives, as well as insurance and reinsurance, related to the prohibitions referred to in paragraph 1.
3. The prohibitions set out in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply to the purchase or transport in Syria of petroleum products or to associated financing or financial assistance by public bodies, or by legal persons or entities which receive public funding from the Union or Member States to provide humanitarian relief in Syria or to provide assistance to the civilian population in Syria, where such products are purchased or transported for the sole purposes of providing humanitarian relief in Syria or to provide assistance to the civilian population in Syria.
Inserted by Council Decision (CFSP) 2016/2144 of 6 December 2016 amending Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria.
4. The prohibitions set out in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply to the purchase or transport of petroleum products by diplomatic or consular missions where such products are purchased or transported for official purposes of the mission.
Article 6 1. With a view to helping the civilian population in Syria in cases not covered by Article 5(3) and by way of derogation from Article 5(1) and (2), the competent authorities of a Member State may authorise, on the general and specific terms and conditions they deem appropriate, the purchase or transport in Syria of petroleum products and the provision of associated financing or financial assistance, provided that the following conditions are met:
(a) the activities concerned are for the sole purpose of providing humanitarian relief in Syria or assistance to the civilian population in Syria; and
(b) the activities concerned do not breach any of the prohibitions laid down in this Decision.
2. The Member State concerned shall inform the other Member States and the Commission of any authorisation granted under this Article within two weeks of any authorisation granted. For an authorisation granted under paragraph 1, the notification shall contain details about the authorised entity and about its humanitarian activities in Syria.
Substituted by Council Decision (CFSP) 2016/2144 of 6 December 2016 amending Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria.
Article 7 The prohibitions in Article 5 shall be without prejudice to the execution, until 15 November 2011, of obligations provided for in contracts concluded before 2 September 2011.
Article 7a 1. The sale, supply, transfer or export of jet fuel and additives specifically formulated for jet fuel to Syria by nationals of Member States, or from the territories of Member States, or using their flag vessels or aircraft, shall be prohibited, whether originating or not in their territories.
2. It shall be prohibited to provide, directly or indirectly, financing or financial assistance, as well as insurance and reinsurance or brokering services, related to any sale, supply, transfer or export of jet fuel and additives as referred to in paragraph 1.
3. The competent authorities of a Member State may authorise the sale, supply, transfer or export of jet fuel and additives to Syria or the provision of direct or indirect financing, financial assistance, insurance, reinsurance or brokering services, necessary for use by the United Nations or bodies acting on its behalf for humanitarian purposes such as delivering or facilitating the delivery of assistance, including medical supplies, food, or the transfer of humanitarian workers and related assistance or for evacuations from Syria or within Syria.
4. The prohibitions in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply to jet fuel and additives exclusively used by non-Syrian civilian aircraft landing in Syria, provided that they are intended and used solely for the continuation of the flight operation of the aircraft into which they were loaded.
5. The Union shall take the necessary measures in order to determine the relevant items to be covered by this Article.
Inserted by Council Decision 2014/901/CFSP of 12 December 2014 amending Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria.
Article 8 1. The sale, supply or transfer of key equipment and technology for the following key sectors of the oil and natural gas industry in Syria, or to Syrian or Syrian-owned enterprises engaged in those sectors outside Syria, by nationals of Member States, or from the territories of Member States, or using vessels or aircraft under the jurisdiction of Member States shall be prohibited whether or not originating in their territories:
(a) refining;
(b) liquefied natural gas;
(c) exploration;
(d) production.
The Union shall take the necessary measures in order to determine the relevant items to be covered by this paragraph.
2. It shall be prohibited to provide the following to enterprises in Syria that are engaged in the key sectors of the Syrian oil and gas industry referred to in paragraph 1 or to Syrian, or Syrian-owned enterprises engaged in those sectors outside Syria:
(a) technical assistance or training and other services related to key equipment and technology as referred to in paragraph 1;
(b) financing or financial assistance for any sale, supply, transfer or export of key equipment and technology as set out in paragraph 1 or for the provision of related technical assistance or training.
Article 9 1. The prohibition in Article 8(1) shall be without prejudice to the execution of an obligation relating to the delivery of goods provided for in contracts awarded or concluded before 1 December 2011.
2. The prohibitions in Article 8 shall be without prejudice to the execution of an obligation arising from contracts awarded or concluded before 1 December 2011 and relating to investments made in Syria before 23 September 2011 by enterprises established in Member States.
Article 10 With a view to helping the Syrian civilian population, in particular to meeting humanitarian concerns, restoring normal life, upholding basic services, reconstruction, and restoring normal economic activity or other civilian purposes and by way of derogation from Article 8(1) and (2), the competent authorities of a Member State may authorise the sale, supply or transfer of key equipment and technology for the key sectors of the oil and natural gas industry in Syria referred to in Article 8(1), or to Syrian or Syrian-owned enterprises engaged in those sectors outside Syria and the provision of related technical assistance or training and other services, as well as financing or financial assistance, provided that the following conditions are met:
(a) the Syrian National Coalition for Opposition and Revolutionary Forces has been consulted in advance by the Member State concerned;
(b) the activities concerned are not directly or indirectly for the benefit of a person or entity referred to in Article 28(1); and
(c) the activities concerned do not breach any of the prohibitions laid down in this Decision.
The relevant Member State shall inform the other Member States of any authorisation granted under this Article.
Article 11 The delivery of Syrian denominated banknotes and coinage to the Central Bank of Syria shall be prohibited.
Article 12 The direct or indirect sale, purchase, transportation or brokering of gold and precious metals, as well as of diamonds to, from or for the Government of Syria, its public bodies, corporations and agencies, the Central Bank of Syria, as well as to, from or for persons and entities acting on their behalf or at their direction, or entities owned or controlled by them, shall be prohibited.
The Union shall take the necessary measures in order to determine the relevant items to be covered by this Article.
Article 13 The sale, supply, transfer or export of luxury goods to Syria by nationals of Member States or from the territories of Member States or using their flag vessels or aircraft, shall be prohibited, whether originating or not in their territories.
The Union shall take the necessary measures in order to determine the relevant items to be covered by this Article.
Article 13a It shall be prohibited to import, export, transfer or provide related brokering services for cultural property and other items of archaeological, historical, cultural, rare scientific and religious importance which have been illegally removed from Syria, or where reasonable suspicion exists that they have been illegally removed from Syria, on or after 15 March 2011 . The prohibition shall not apply if it is shown that the cultural items are being safely returned to their legitimate owners in Syria.
The Union shall take the necessary measures in order to determine the relevant items to be covered by this Article.
Substituted by Council Decision (CFSP) 2015/837 of 28 May 2015 amending Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria.

CHAPTER II RESTRICTIONS ON FINANCING OF CERTAIN ENTERPRISES
Article 14 The following shall be prohibited:
(a) the granting of any financial loan or credit to enterprises in Syria that are engaged in the Syrian oil industry sectors of exploration, production or refining, or to Syrian or Syrian-owned enterprises engaged in those sectors outside Syria;
(b) the granting of any financial loan or credit to enterprises in Syria that are engaged in the construction of new power plants for the production of electricity in Syria;
(c) the acquisition or extension of a participation in enterprises in Syria that are engaged in the Syrian oil industry sectors of exploration, production or refining, or in Syrian or Syrian-owned enterprises engaged in those sectors outside Syria, including the acquisition in full of such enterprises and the acquisition of shares or securities of a participating nature;
(d) the acquisition or extension of a participation in enterprises in Syria that are engaged in the construction of new power plants for the production of electricity in Syria, including the acquisition in full of such enterprises and the acquisition of shares or securities of a participating nature;
(e) the creation of any joint venture with enterprises in Syria that are engaged in the Syrian oil industry sectors of exploration, production or refining and with any subsidiary or affiliate under their control;
(f) the creation of any joint venture with enterprises in Syria that are engaged in the construction of new power plants for the production of electricity in Syria and with any subsidiary or affiliate under their control.
Article 15 1. The prohibitions set out in points (a) and (c) of Article 14:
(i) shall be without prejudice to the execution of an obligation arising from contracts or agreements concluded before 23 September 2011;
(ii) shall not prevent the extension of a participation, if such extension is an obligation under an agreement concluded before 23 September 2011.
2. The prohibitions set out in points (b) and (d) of Article 14:
(i) shall be without prejudice to the execution of an obligation arising from contracts or agreements concluded before 1 December 2011;
(ii) shall not prevent the extension of a participation, if such extension is an obligation under an agreement concluded before 1 December 2011.
Article 16 With a view to helping the Syrian civilian population, in particular to meeting humanitarian concerns, restoring normal life, upholding basic services, reconstruction, and restoring normal economic activity or other civilian purposes and by way of derogation from points (a), (c) and (e) of Article 14, the competent authorities of a Member State may authorise the granting of any financial loan or credit to or the acquisition or extension of a participation in enterprises in Syria that are engaged in the Syrian oil industry sectors of exploration, production or refining, or Syrian or Syrian-owned enterprises engaged in those sectors outside Syria, or the creation of any joint venture with enterprises in Syria that are engaged in the Syrian oil industry sectors of exploration, production or refining and with any subsidiary or affiliate under their control, provided that the following conditions are met:
(a) the Syrian National Coalition for Opposition and Revolutionary Forces has been consulted in advance by the Member State concerned;
(b) the activities concerned are not directly or indirectly for the benefit of a person or entity referred to in Article 28(1); and
(c) the activities concerned do not breach any of the prohibitions laid down in this Decision.
The relevant Member State shall inform the other Member States of any authorisation granted under this Article.

CHAPTER III RESTRICTIONS ON INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
Article 17 1. Participation in the construction of new power plants for the production of electricity in Syria shall be prohibited.
2. It shall be prohibited to provide technical assistance or financing or financial assistance to the construction of new power plants for the production of electricity in Syria.
3. The prohibition in paragraphs 1 and 2 shall be without prejudice to the execution of an obligation arising from contracts or agreements concluded before 1 December 2011.

CHAPTER IV RESTRICTIONS ON FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR TRADE
Article 18 1. Member States shall exercise restraint in entering into new short and medium-term commitments for public and private provided financial support for trade with Syria, including the granting of export credits, guarantees or insurance, to their nationals or entities involved in such trade, with a view to reducing their outstanding amounts, in particular to avoid any financial support contributing to the violent repression against the civilian population in Syria. In addition, Member States shall not enter into new long-term commitments for public and private provided financial support for trade with Syria.
2. Paragraph 1 shall not affect commitments established prior to 1 December 2011.
3. Paragraph 1 shall not concern trade for food, agricultural, medical or other humanitarian purposes.

CHAPTER V FINANCIAL SECTOR
Article 19 Member States shall not enter into new commitments for grants, financial assistance or concessional loans to the Government of Syria, including through their participation in international financial institutions, except for humanitarian and developmental purposes.
Article 20 The following shall be prohibited:
(a) any disbursement or payment by the European Investment Bank (EIB) under or in connection with any existing loan agreements entered into between Syria and the EIB;
(b) the continuation by the EIB of any existing Technical Assistance Service Contracts for sovereign projects located in Syria.
Article 21 The following shall be prohibited: the direct or indirect sale or purchase of, or brokering or assistance in the issuance of Syrian public or public-guaranteed bonds issued after 1 December 2011 to and from the Government of Syria, its public bodies, corporations and agencies, the Central Bank of Syria, or banks domiciled in Syria, or branches and subsidiaries within and outside the jurisdiction of Member States of banks domiciled in Syria, or financial entities that are neither domiciled in Syria nor within the jurisdiction of the Member States, but are controlled by persons and entities domiciled in Syria as well as any persons and entities acting on their behalf or at their direction, or entities owned or controlled by them.
Article 22 1. The opening of new branches, subsidiaries, or representative offices of Syrian banks in the territories of Member States, and the establishment of new joint ventures, or the taking of an ownership interest, or the establishment of new correspondent banking relationships by Syrian banks, including the Central Bank of Syria, its branches and subsidiaries and financial entities that are not domiciled in Syria, but are controlled by persons or entities domiciled in Syria, with banks in the jurisdiction of Member States, shall be prohibited.
2. Financial institutions within the territories of the Member States or under their jurisdiction shall be prohibited from opening representative offices, subsidiaries or banking accounts in Syria.
Article 23 With a view to helping the Syrian civilian population, in particular to meeting humanitarian concerns, restoring normal life, upholding basic services, reconstruction, and restoring normal economic activity or other civilian purposes and by way of derogation from Article 22(2), the competent authorities of a Member State may authorise financial institutions within the territories of the Member States or under their jurisdiction to open representative offices, subsidiaries or banking accounts in Syria, provided that the following conditions are met:
(a) the Syrian National Coalition for Opposition and Revolutionary Forces has been consulted in advance by the Member State concerned;
(b) the activities concerned are not directly or indirectly for the benefit of a person or entity referred to in Article 28(1); and
(c) the activities concerned do not breach any of the prohibitions laid down in this Decision.
The relevant Member State shall inform the other Member States of any authorisation granted under this Article.
Article 24 1. The provision of insurance and re-insurance to the Government of Syria, its public bodies, corporations and agencies or to any persons or entities acting on their behalf or at their direction, or to entities owned or controlled by them, including through illicit means, shall be prohibited.
2. Paragraph 1 shall not apply to the provision of:
(a) health or travel insurance to natural persons;
(b) compulsory or third party insurance to Syrian persons, entities or bodies based in the Union;
(c) insurance or re-insurance to the owner of a vessel, aircraft or vehicle chartered by a Syrian person, entity or body and which person, entity or body is not listed in Annex I or II.

CHAPTER VI TRANSPORT SECTOR
Article 25 1. Member States, in accordance with their national legislation and consistent with international law, in particular relevant international civil aviation agreements, shall take the necessary measures to prevent access to the airports under their jurisdiction of all exclusively cargo flights operated by Syrian carriers and all flights operated by Syrian Arab Airlines.
2. Paragraph 1 shall not apply to the access to airports under the jurisdiction of Member States of flights operated by Syrian Arab Airlines, necessary for the sole purpose of evacuating citizens of the Union and their family members from Syria.
Article 26 1. If Member States have information that provides reasonable grounds to believe that the cargo of vessels and aircraft bound for Syria contains items whose supply, sale, transfer or export is prohibited under Article 1 or subject to authorisation under Article 2, they shall inspect, in accordance with their national legislation and consistent with international law, in particular the law of the sea and relevant international civil aviation agreements and maritime transport agreements, such vessels and aircraft in their seaports and airports, as well as in their territorial sea, in accordance with decisions and capabilities of their competent authorities and with the consent, as necessary in accordance with international law for the territorial sea, of the flag State.
2. Member States, in accordance with their national legislation and consistent with international law, shall, upon discovery, seize and dispose of items whose supply, sale, transfer or export is prohibited under Article 1 or 2.
3. Member States shall cooperate, in accordance with their national legislation, with inspections and disposals undertaken pursuant to paragraphs 1 and 2.
4. Aircraft and vessels transporting cargo to Syria shall be subject to the requirement of additional pre-arrival or pre-departure information for all goods brought into or out of a Member State.

CHAPTER VII RESTRICTIONS ON ADMISSION
Article 27 1. Member States shall take the necessary measures to prevent the entry into, or transit through, their territories of the persons responsible for the violent repression against the civilian population in Syria, persons benefiting from or supporting the regime, and persons associated with them, as listed in Annex I.
2. In accordance with the assessments and determinations made by the Council in the context of the situation in Syria as set out in recitals 5 to 11, Member States shall also take the necessary measures to prevent the entry into, or transit through, their territories of:
(a) leading businesspersons operating in Syria;
(b) members of the Assad or Makhlouf families;
(c) Syrian Government Ministers in power after May 2011;
(d) members of the Syrian Armed Forces of the rank of ‘ colonel ’ and the equivalent or higher in post after May 2011;
(e) members of the Syrian security and intelligence services in post after May 2011;
(f) members of regime-affiliated militias; or
(g) persons operating in the chemical weapons proliferation sector,
and persons associated with them, as listed in Annex I.
3. Persons within one of the categories referred to in paragraph 2 shall not be included or retained on the list of persons and entities in Annex I if there is sufficient information that they are not, or are no longer, associated with the regime or do not exercise influence over it or do not pose a real risk of circumvention.
4. All listing decisions shall be made on an individual and case-by-case basis taking into account the proportionality of the measure.
5. Paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not oblige a Member State to refuse its own nationals entry into its territory.
6. Paragraphs 1 and 2 shall be without prejudice to the cases where a Member State is bound by an obligation of international law, namely:
(a) as a host country to an international intergovernmental organisation;
(b) as a host country to an international conference convened by, or under the auspices of, the UN;
(c) under a multilateral agreement conferring privileges and immunities; or
(d) under the 1929 Treaty of Conciliation (Lateran pact) concluded by the Holy See (State of the Vatican City) and Italy.
7. Paragraph 6 shall be considered as also applying in cases where a Member State is host country to the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE).
8. The Council shall be duly informed in all cases where a Member State grants an exemption pursuant to paragraph 6 or 7.
9. Member States may grant exemptions from the measures imposed under paragraphs 1 and 2 where travel is justified on the grounds of urgent humanitarian need, or on grounds of attending intergovernmental meetings, including those promoted by the Union, or hosted by a Member State holding the Chairmanship in office of the OSCE, where a political dialogue is conducted that directly promotes democracy, human rights and the rule of law in Syria.
10. A Member State wishing to grant exemptions referred to in paragraph 9 shall notify the Council in writing. The exemption shall be deemed to be granted unless one or more of the Council members raises an objection in writing within two working days of receiving notification of the proposed exemption. Should one or more of the Council members raise an objection, the Council, acting by a qualified majority, may decide to grant the proposed exemption.
11. Where, pursuant to paragraphs 6 to 10, a Member State authorises the entry into, or transit through, its territory of persons listed in Annex I, the authorisation shall be limited to the purpose for which it is given and to the person concerned therewith.
Substituted by Council Decision (CFSP) 2015/1836 of 12 October 2015 amending Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria.

CHAPTER VIII FREEZING OF FUNDS AND ECONOMIC RESSOURCES
Article 28 1. All funds and economic resources belonging to, or owned, held or controlled by persons responsible for the violent repression against the civilian population in Syria, persons and entities benefiting from or supporting the regime, and persons and entities associated with them, as listed in Annexes I and II, shall be frozen.
2. In accordance with the assessments and determinations made by the Council in the context of the situation in Syria as set out in recitals 5 to 11, all funds and economic resources belonging to, or owned, held or controlled by:
(a) leading businesspersons operating in Syria;
(b) members of the Assad or Makhlouf families;
(c) Syrian Government Ministers in power after May 2011;
(d) members of the Syrian Armed Forces of the rank of ‘ colonel ’ and the equivalent or higher in post after May 2011;
(e) members of the Syrian security and intelligence services in post after May 2011;
(f) members of regime-affiliated militias; or
(g) members of entities, units, agencies, bodies or institutions operating in the chemical weapons proliferation sector,
and persons and entities associated with them, as listed in Annex I, shall be frozen.
Substituted by Corrigendum to Council Decision (CFSP) 2015/1836 of 12 October 2015 amending Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria (Official Journal of the European Union L 266 of 13 October 2015).
3. Persons, entities or bodies within one of the categories referred to in paragraph 2 shall not be included or retained on the list of persons and entities in Annex I if there is sufficient information that they are not, or are no longer, associated with the regime or do not exercise influence over it or do not pose a real risk of circumvention.
4. All listing decisions shall be made on an individual and case-by-case basis taking into account the proportionality of the measure.
5. No funds or economic resources shall be made available, directly or indirectly, to or for the benefit of, the natural or legal persons or entities listed in Annexes I and II.
6. The competent authority of a Member State may authorise the release of certain frozen funds or economic resources, or the making available of certain funds or economic resources, under such conditions as it deems appropriate, after having determined that the funds or economic resources concerned are:
(a) necessary to satisfy the basic needs of the persons listed in Annexes I and II and their dependent family members, including payments for foodstuffs, rent or mortgage, medicines and medical treatment, taxes, insurance premiums, and public utility charges;
(b) intended exclusively for the payment of reasonable professional fees and the reimbursement of incurred expenses associated with the provision of legal services;
(c) intended exclusively for the payment of fees or service charges for the routine holding or maintenance of frozen funds or economic resources; or
(d) necessary for extraordinary expenses, provided that the competent authority has notified the competent authorities of the other Member States and the Commission of the grounds on which it considers that a specific authorisation should be granted, at least two weeks prior to the authorisation;
(e) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Deleted by Council Decision (CFSP) 2016/2144 of 6 December 2016 amending Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria.
(f) to be paid into or from an account of a diplomatic or consular mission or an international organisation enjoying immunities in accordance with international law, in so far as such payments are intended to be used for official purposes of the diplomatic or consular mission or international organisation;
(g) necessary for evacuations from Syria;
(h) intended for the Central Bank of Syria or Syrian State-owned entities, as listed in Annexes I and II, to make payments on behalf of the Syrian Arab Republic to the OPCW for activities related to the OPCW verification mission and the destruction of Syrian chemical weapons, and in particular to the OPCW Syrian Special Trust Fund for activities related to the complete destruction of Syrian chemical weapons outside the territory of the Syrian Arab Republic.
A Member State shall inform the other Member States and the Commission of any authorisation it grants under this paragraph.
7. By way of derogation from paragraphs 1 and 2, the competent authorities of a Member State, may authorise the release of certain frozen funds or economic resources, provided that the following conditions are met:
(a) the funds or economic resources are subject of an arbitral decision rendered prior to the date on which the person or entity referred to in paragraph 1 or 2 was listed in Annex I or II or of a judicial or administrative decision rendered in the Union, or a judicial decision enforceable in the Member State concerned, prior to or after that date;
(b) the funds or economic resources will be used exclusively to satisfy claims secured by such a decision or recognised as valid in such a decision, within the limits set by applicable laws and regulations governing the rights of persons having such claims;
(c) the decision is not for the benefit of a person or entity listed in Annex I or II; and
(d) recognising the decision is not contrary to public policy in the Member State concerned.
A Member State shall inform the other Member States and the Commission of any authorisation granted under this paragraph.
8. Paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not prevent a designated person or entity from making a payment due under a contract entered into before the listing of such a person or entity, provided that the relevant Member State has determined that the payment is not directly or indirectly received by a person or entity referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2.
9. Paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not prevent a designated entity listed in Annex II, for a period of two months after the date of its designation, from making a payment from frozen funds or economic resources received by such entity after the date of its designation, where such payment is due under a contract in connection with the financing of trade, provided that the relevant Member State has determined that the payment is not directly or indirectly received by a person or entity referred to in paragraph 1 or 2.
10. Paragraph 5 shall not apply to the addition to frozen accounts of:
(a) interest or other earnings on those accounts; or
(b) payments due under contracts, agreements or obligations that were concluded or arose prior to the date on which those accounts became subject to this Decision,
provided that any such interest, other earnings and payments remain subject to paragraphs 1 and 2.
11. Paragraphs 1, 2 and 5 shall not apply to a transfer by or through the Central Bank of Syria of funds or economic resources received and frozen after the date of its designation or to a transfer of funds or economic resources to or through the Central Bank of Syria after the date of its designation where such transfer is related to a payment by a non-designated financial institution due in connection with a specific trade contract, provided that the relevant Member State has determined, on a case-by-case basis, that the payment is not directly or indirectly received by a person or entity referred to in paragraph 1 or 2.
12. Paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply to a transfer by or through the Central Bank of Syria of frozen funds or economic resources where such transfer is for the purpose of providing financial institutions under the jurisdiction of Member States with liquidity for the financing of trade, provided that the transfer has been authorised by the relevant Member State.
13. Paragraphs 1, 2 and 5 shall not apply to a transfer, by or through a financial entity listed in Annex I or II, of frozen funds or economic resources where the transfer is related to a payment by a person or entity not listed in Annex I or II in connection with the provision of financial support to Syrian nationals pursuing an education, professional training or engaged in academic research in the Union, provided that the relevant Member State has determined, on a case-by-case basis, that the payment is not directly or indirectly received by a person or entity referred to in paragraph 1 or 2.
14. Paragraphs 1, 2 and 5 shall not apply to acts or transactions carried out, with regard to Syrian Arab Airlines, for the sole purpose of evacuating citizens of the Union and their family members from Syria.
15. Paragraphs 1, 2 and 5 shall not apply to the transfer by or through the Commercial Bank of Syria of funds or economic resources received from outside the Union and frozen after the date of its designation or to a transfer of funds or economic resources to or through the Commercial Bank of Syria received from outside the Union after the date of its designation where such transfer is related to a payment by a non-designated financial institution due in connection with a specific trade contract for medical supplies, food, shelter, sanitation or hygiene for civilian use, provided that the relevant Member State has determined, on a case-by-case basis, that the payment is not directly or indirectly received by a person or entity referred to in paragraph 1 or 2.
Article 28a 1. The prohibition set out in Article 28(5) shall not apply to funds or economic resources made available to the natural or legal persons and entities listed in Annexes I and II by public bodies, or by legal persons or entities which receive public funding to provide humanitarian relief in Syria or to provide assistance to the civilian population in Syria, where the provision of such funds or economic resources is in accordance with Article 5(3).
2. In cases not covered by paragraph 1 of this Article and by way of derogation from Article 28(5), the competent authorities of a Member State may authorise the making available of certain funds or economic resources, on the general and specific terms and conditions they deem appropriate, after having determined that the making available of funds or economic resources concerned is necessary for the sole purpose of providing humanitarian relief in Syria or assistance to the civilian population in Syria.
3. The prohibition in Article 28(5) shall not apply to funds or economic resources made available to the natural or legal persons or entities listed in Annexes I and II by diplomatic or consular missions where the provision of such funds or economic resources is in accordance with Article 5(4).
4. By way of derogation from Articles 28(1) and 28(2), the competent authorities of a Member State may authorise the release of certain frozen funds or economic resources on the general and specific terms and conditions they deem appropriate after having determined that the funds and economic resources concerned are necessary for the sole purpose of providing humanitarian relief in Syria or assistance to the civilian population in Syria. The funds or economic resources shall be released to the UN for the purpose of delivering or facilitating the delivery of assistance in Syria in accordance with the Syria Humanitarian Response Plan or any successor plan coordinated by the UN.
5. The Member State concerned shall inform the other Member States and the Commission of any authorisation granted under paragraphs 2 and 4 within two weeks of any authorisation granted.

CHAPTER IX GENERAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS
Article 29 No claims, including for compensation or indemnification or any other claim of this kind, such as a claim of set-off, fines or a claim under a guarantee, claims for extension or payment of a bond, financial guarantee, including claims arising from letters of credit and similar instruments in connection with any contract or transaction the performance of which was affected, directly or indirectly, wholly or in part, by reason of measures covered by this Decision, shall be granted to the designated persons or entities listed in Annexes I and II, or any other person or entity in Syria, including the Government of Syria, its public bodies, corporations and agencies, or any person or entity claiming through or for the benefit of any such person or entity.
Article 30 1. The Council, acting upon a proposal by a Member State or the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, shall establish and amend the lists in Annexes I and II.
2. The Council shall communicate its decision on the listing, including the grounds therefor, to the person, entity or body concerned, either directly, if the address is known, or through the publication of a notice, providing such person, entity or body with an opportunity to present observations. In particular, where a person, entity or body is listed in Annex I on the basis that they fall within one of the categories of persons, entities or bodies set out in Articles 27(2) and 28(2), the person, entity or body may present evidence and observations as to why, although they fall within such a category, they consider that their designation is not justified.
3. Where observations are submitted, or where substantial new evidence is presented, the Council shall review its decision and inform the person or entity concerned accordingly.
Article 31 1. Annexes I and II shall include the grounds for listing the persons and entities concerned.
2. Annexes I and II shall also contain, where available, the information necessary to identify the persons or entities concerned. With regard to persons, such information may include names, including aliases, date and place of birth, nationality, passport and identity card numbers, gender, address if known, and function or profession. With regard to entities, such information may include names, place and date of registration, registration number and place of business.
Article 32 It shall be prohibited to participate, knowingly or intentionally, in activities the object or effect of which is to circumvent the prohibitions laid down in this Decision.
Article 33 In order to maximise the impact of the measures set out in this Decision, the Union shall encourage third States to adopt restrictive measures similar to those contained in this Decision.
Article 34 This Decision shall apply until 1 June 2021 . It shall be kept under constant review. It may be renewed, or amended as appropriate, if the Council deems that its objectives have not been met.
Substituted by Council Decision (CFSP) 2020/719 of 28 May 2020 amending Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria.
Article 35 This Decision shall enter into force on the date of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

ANNEX I List of natural and legal persons, entities or bodies referred to in Articles 27 and 28

A. Persons
	Name	Identifying information	Reasons	Date of listing
1.	Bashar ( ) AL‐ASSAD ( )	Date of birth: 11.9.1965 ; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Diplomatic passport No D1903; Gender: male	President of the Republic; person authorising and supervising the crackdown on demonstrators.	23.5.2011
2.	Maher ( ) (a.k.a. Mahir) AL‐ASSAD ( )	Date of birth: 8.12.1967 ; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Diplomatic passport No 4138; Position: Major General of the 42nd Brigade and former Brigadier Commander of the Army’s 4th Armoured Division Gender: male	Member of the Syria Armed Forces of the rank of Colonel and the equivalent or higher in post after May 2011; Major General of the 42nd Brigade and former Brigadier Commander of the Army’s 4th Armoured Division. Member of the Assad family; brother of President Bashar al‐Assad.	9.5.2011
3.	Ali ( ) MAMLUK ( ) (a.k.a. Mamlouk)	Date of birth: 19.2.1946 ; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Diplomatic passport No 983; Gender: male	Director of the National Security Bureau. Former Head of Syrian Intelligence Directorate involved in violence against demonstrators.	9.5.2011
4.	Atej ( ) (a.k.a. Atef, Atif) NAJIB ( ) (a.k.a. Najeeb)	Place of birth: Jablah, Syria; Gender: male	Former Head of the Political Security Directorate in Dara’a. Involved in violence against demonstrators. Member of the Assad family; cousin of President Bashar al‐Assad.	9.5.2011
5.	Hafiz ( ) MAKHLOUF ( ) (a.k.a. Hafez Makhlouf)	Date of birth: 2.4.1971 ; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Diplomatic passport No 2246; Gender: male	Former Colonel and Head of Unit in General Intelligence Directorate, Damascus Branch in post after May 2011. Member of the Makhlouf family; cousin of President Bashar al‐Assad.	9.5.2011
6.	Muhammad ( ) Dib ( ) ZAYTUN ( ) (a.k.a. Mohammed Dib Zeitoun; a.k.a. Mohamed Dib Zeitun)	Date of birth: 20.5.1951 ; Place of birth: Jubba, Damascus province, Syria; Diplomatic passport No D000001300; Gender: male	Director of the National Security Bureau since July 2019. Former Head of the General Security Directorate; involved in violence against demonstrators.	9.5.2011
7.	Amjad ( ) ABBAS ( ) (a.k.a. al‐Abbas)	Gender: male	Former head of Political Security in Banyas, involved in violence against demonstrators in Baida. Promoted to the rank of Colonel in 2018.	9.5.2011
8.	Rami ( ) MAKHLOUF ( )	Date of birth: 10.7.1969 ; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Passport No 000098044; Issue No 002‐03‐0015187; Gender: male	Leading businessman operating in Syria with interests in the telecommunications, financial services, transport and property sectors. He has financial interests in and/or holds senior and executive positions in Syriatel (the leading mobile telephone operator in Syria) and in the investment funds Al Mashreq, Bena Properties and Cham Holding. He furnishes financing and support to the Syrian regime, through his business interests. He is an influential member of the Makhlouf family and closely connected to the Assad family; cousin of President Bashar Al‐Assad.	9.5.2011
9.	Abd al‐Fatah ( ) QUDSIYAH ( )	Date of birth: 1953; Place of birth: Hama, Syria; Diplomatic passport No D0005788; Gender: male	Officer of the rank of Major General in the Syrian Armed Forces in post after May 2011. Deputy Director of the National Security Bureau of the Ba’ath Party. Former Head of the Syrian Military Intelligence Directorate. Involved in violent repression of the civilian population in Syria.	9.5.2011
10.	Jamil ( ) (a.k.a. Jameel) HASSAN ( ) (a.k.a. al‐Hassan)	Date of birth: 7.7.1953 ; Place of birth: Qusayr, Homs province, Syria; Former Head of Syrian Air Force Intelligence; Gender: male	Officer of the rank of Major‐General in the Syrian Air Force in post after May 2011. Former head of the Syrian Air Force Intelligence in post after May 2011 and until July 2019. Responsible for violent repression of the civilian population in Syria.	9.5.2011
11.	Mohammad Mouti' MOUAYYAD (a.k.a. Mohammad Muti'a Moayyad)	Date of birth: 1968; Place of birth: Ariha (Idlib), Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of State in power after May 2011 (appointed 27.8.2014). As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	21.10.2014
12.	Ghazwan Kheir BEK (a.k.a. Ghazqan Kheir Bek)	Date of birth: 1961; Place of birth: Latakia, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Transport in power after May 2011 (appointed 27.8.2014). He was previously General Director of the Port of Tartous. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	21.10.2014
13.	Munzir ( ) (a.k.a. Mundhir, Monzer) Jamil ( ) AL‐ASSAD ( )	Date of birth: 1.3.1961 ; Place of birth: Kerdaha, Latakia Province, Syria; Passports No 86449 and No 842781; Gender: male	Involved in violence against the civilian population as part of the Shabiha militia.	9.5.2011
14.	Brigadier General Mohammed BILAL (a.k.a. Lieutenant Colonel Muhammad Bilal)	Gender: male	As a senior officer in the Syrian Air Force Intelligence Service, he supports the Syrian regime and is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population. He is also associated with the listed Scientific Studies Research Centre (SSRC). Head of the Tartus police since December 2018.	21.10.2014
15.	Kamal CHEIKHA (a.k.a. Kamal al‐Sheikha)	Date of birth: 1961; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Water Resources in power after May 2011 (appointed 27.8.2014). As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	21.10.2014
16.	Faruq ( ) (a.k.a. Farouq, Farouk) AL SHAR' ( ) (a.k.a. Al Char', Al Shara', Al Shara)	Date of birth: 10.12.1938 ; Gender: male	Former Vice‐President of Syria; involved in violence against the civilian population.	23.5.2011
17.	Hassan NOURI (a.k.a. Hassan al‐Nouri)	Date of birth: 9.2.1960 ; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Administrative Development in power after May 2011 (appointed 27.8.2014). As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	21.10.2014
18.	Mohammed ( ) HAMCHO ( )	Date of birth: 20.5.1966 ; Passport No 002954347; Gender: male	Leading businessman operating in Syria, with interests in the engineering and construction, media, hospitality and health sector. He has financial interests in and/or holds senior and executive positions within a number of companies in Syria, in particular Hamsho International, Hamsho Communication, Mhg International, Jupiter for Investment and Tourism project and Syria Metal Industries. He plays an important role in the business community in Syria as general secretary of the Damascus Chamber of Commerce (appointed by the then Minister for economy Khodr Orfali in December 2014), chairman of the China‐Syria Bilateral Business Councils (since March 2014) and chairman of the Syrian Metal and Steel Council (since December 2015). He has close business relationships with key figures of the Syrian regime, including Maher al‐Assad. He benefits from and provides support to the Syrian regime through his business interests, and is associated with persons benefiting from and providing support to that regime.	27.1.2015
19.	Iyad ( ) (a.k.a. Eyad) MAKHLOUF ( )	Date of birth: 21.1.1973 ; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Passport No N001820740; Gender: male	Member of the Makhlouf family; son of Mohammed Makhlouf, brother of Hafez Makhlouf and Rami Makhlouf and brother of Ihab Makhlouf; cousin of President Bashar al‐Assad. Member of the Syrian security and intelligence services in post after May 2011. As an officer in the General Intelligence Directorate, involved in violence against the civilian population in Syria.	23.5.2011
20.	Bassam ( ) AL HASSAN ( ) (a.k.a. Al Hasan)	Date of birth: 1961; Place of birth: Sheen, Homs, Syria; Rank: Major General; Gender: male	Presidential Advisor for Strategic Affairs; head of the General Secretariat of the National Defence. Involved in violence against the civilian population.	23.5.2011
22.	Ihab ( ) (a.k.a. Ehab, Iehab) MAKHLOUF ( )	Date of birth: 21.1.1973 ; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Passport No N002848852; Gender: male	Leading businessman operating in Syria. Vice President of, and shareholder in, Syriatel, the leading mobile telephone operator in Syria. He also has business interests in several other Syrian companies and entities, including Ramak Construction Co and Syrian International Private University for Science and Technology (SIUST). As Vice President of Syriatel, which transfers a significant part of its profits to the Syrian government by way of its licensing contract, Ihab Makhlouf is also directly supporting the Syrian regime. He is an influential member of the Makhlouf family and closely connected to the Assad family; cousin of President Bashar al‐Assad.	23.5.2011
23.	Zoulhima ( ) (a.k.a. Zu al‐Himma) CHALICHE ( ) (a.k.a. Shalish, Shaleesh) (a.k.a. Dhu al‐Himma Shalish)	Date of birth: 1946 or 1951 or 1956; Place of birth: Kerdaha, Syria; Rank: Major General; Gender: male	Officer of the Syrian security and intelligence services in post after May 2011; former Head of Presidential Security. Member of the Syrian Armed Forces of the rank of Major General in post after May 2011. Involved in violence against demonstrators. Member of the Assad family; cousin of President Bashar al‐Assad.	23.6.2011
24.	Riyad ( ) CHALICHE ( ) (a.k.a. Shalish, Shaleesh) (a.k.a. Riyad Shalish)	Function: chairman of Riyad Isa Development Corporation; Gender: male	Former Director of Military Housing Establishment; provides funding to the Syrian regime; first cousin of President Bashar al‐Assad.	23.6.2011
25.	Brigadier Commander Mohammad ( ) (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) Ali ( ) JAFARI ( ) (a.k.a. Jaafari, Ja'fari, Aziz; a.k.a. Jafari, Ali; a.k.a. Jafari, Mohammad Ali; a.k.a. Ja'fari, Mohammad Ali; a.k.a. Jafari‐Naja‐fabadi, Mohammad Ali)	Date of birth: 1.9.1957 ; Place of birth: Yazd, Iran; Gender: male	Head of ‘Baqiayt Allah’, cultural organisation of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. General Commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps until 21.4.2019, involved in providing equipment and support to help the Syrian regime suppress protests in Syria.	23.6.2011
27.	Hossein ( ) TAEB ( ) (a.k.a. Taeb, Hassan; a.k.a. Taeb, Hosein; a.k.a. Taeb, Hossein; a.k.a. Taeb, Hussayn; a.k.a. Hojjatoleslam Hossein Ta'eb)	Date of birth: 1963; Place of birth: Tehran, Iran; Gender: male	Director of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Intelligence Service. Former Deputy Commander for Intelligence of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, involved in providing equipment and support to help the Syrian regime suppress protests in Syria.	23.6.2011
28.	Khalid ( ) (a.k.a. Khaled) QADDUR ( ) (a.k.a. Qadour, Qaddour, Kaddour)	Gender: male	Leading businessperson operating in Syria, with interests and/or activities in the telecommunications, oil and plastic industry sectors and close business relations with Maher al‐Assad. He benefits from and provides support to the Syrian regime, through his business activities. Associate of Maher al‐Assad, including through his business activities.	27.1.2015
29.	Ra'if ( ) AL‐QUWATLY ( ) (a.k.a. Ri'af al‐Quwatli a.k.a. Raeef al‐Kouatly)	Date of birth: 3.2.1967 ; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Business associate of Maher al‐Assad and responsible for managing some of his business interests; provides funding to the Syrian regime.	23.6.2011
30.	Mohammad ( ) (a.k.a. Muhammad, Mohamed, Mohammed) MUFLEH ( ) (a.k.a. Muflih)	Gender: male	Head of Syrian Military Intelligence in the town of Hama; involved in the crackdown on demonstrators.	1.8.2011
31.	Major General Tawfiq ( ) (a.k.a. Tawfik) YOUNES ( ) (a.k.a. Yunes)	Gender: male	Former head of the Department for Internal Security of the General Intelligence Directorate; involved in violence against the civilian population.	1.8.2011
32.	Mohammed ( ) MAKHLOUF ( ) (a.k.a. Abu Rami)	Date of birth: 19.10.1932 ; Place of birth: Latakia, Syria; Gender: male	Influential member of the Makhlouf family; business associate and father of Rami, Ihab and Iyad Makhlouf. Closely associated with the Assad family and maternal uncle of Bashar and Maher al‐Assad. Also referred to as Abu Rami. Leading businessperson operating in Syria, with interests and/or activities in multiple sectors of Syria’s economy, including interests in and/or significant influence in the General Organisation of Tobacco and the oil and gas, arms and banking sectors. Involved in business dealings for the Syrian regime in arms procurement and banking. Given the extent of his business and political ties to the Syrian regime, he provides support to and benefits from the regime.	1.8.2011
33.	Ayman ( ) JABIR ( ) (a.k.a. Aiman Jaber)	Place of birth: Latakia, Syria; Gender: male	Leading businessman operating in Syria, involved in the steel, media, consumable goods and oil sectors, including in trading these goods. He has financial interests and/or holds senior executive positions in a number of companies and entities in Syria, in particular Al Jazira (a.k.a. Al Jazerra, El Jazireh), Dunia TV and Sama Satellite Channel. Through his company Al Jazira, Ayman Jaber has facilitated the importation of oil from Overseas Petroleum Trading to Syria. Ayman Jaber benefits from and provides support to the Syrian regime, through his business interests. Provides direct support for and plays a leading role in activities of regime‐affiliated militias known as Shabiha and/or Suqur as‐Sahraa. Associate of Rami Makhlouf through his business activities, and an associate of Maher al‐Assad through his role in regime‐affiliated militias.	27.1.2015
34.	Hayel ( ) AL‐ASSAD ( ) (a.k.a. Hael al‐Asad (هاىلالأسد))	Gender: male	Assistant to Maher al‐Assad; Head of the military police unit of the army’s 4th Division, involved in repression.	23.8.2011
35.	Ali ( ) AL‐SALIM ( ) (a.k.a. al‐Saleem)	Gender: male	Director of the supplies office of the Syrian Ministry of Defence, entry point for all arms acquisitions by the Syrian army.	23.8.2011
36.	Nizar ( ) AL‐ASSAD ( ) (a.k.a. al‐Asad; Assad; Asad)	Gender: male	Leading Syrian businessperson with close ties to the regime. Cousin of Bashar al‐Assad, and associated with the Assad and Makhlouf families. As such, has been participating in, benefitting from or otherwise supporting the Syrian regime. Leading oil investor and previously head of the ‘ Nizar Oilfield Supplies ’ company.	23.8.2011
37.	Major General Rafiq ( ) (a.k.a. Rafeeq) SHAHADAH ( ) (a.k.a. Shahada, Shahade, Shahadeh, Chahada, Chahade, Chahadeh, Chahada)	Date of birth: 1956; Place of birth: Jablah, Latakia Province, Syria; Gender: male	Member of the Syrian Armed Forces of the rank of Major General in post after May 2011. Former Head of Syrian Military Intelligence (SMI) Branch 293 (Internal Affairs) in Damascus. Directly involved in repression and violence against the civilian population in Damascus. Advisor to President Bashar al‐Assad for strategic questions and military intelligence.	23.8.2011
40.	Muhammad ( ) (a.k.a. Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohammed) Said ( ) (a.k.a. Sa'id, Sa'eed, Saeed) BUKHAYTAN ( )	Gender: male	Assistant Regional Secretary of the Ba’ath Arab Socialist Party since 2005; from 2000 to 2005 Director for the national security of the regional Ba’ath party. Former Governor of Hama (1998‐2000). Close associate of President Bashar al‐Assad and Maher al‐Assad. Senior decision‐maker in the regime on repression of civilian population.	23.8.2011
41.	Ali ( ) DOUBA ( )	Date of birth: 1933; Place of birth: Karfis, Syria; Gender: male	Special Advisor to President Bashar al‐Assad. As Special Advisor, participates in, benefits from and supports the Syrian regime. Has been involved in violently repressing the civilian population in Syria.	23.8.2011
42.	Brigadier‐General Nawful ( ) (a.k.a. Nawfal, Nofal, Nawfel) AL‐HUSAYN ( ) (a.k.a. al‐Hussain, al‐Hussein)	Gender: male	Idlib Syrian Military Intelligence (SMI) Branch Chief. Directly involved in repression of and violence against the civilian population in Idlib province.	23.8.2011
43.	Brigadier Husam ( ) SUKKAR ( )	Gender: male	Presidential Adviser on Security Affairs. Presidential Adviser for security agencies’ repression of and violence against the civilian population in Syria.	23.8.2011
44.	Brigadier‐General Muhammed ( ) (a.k.a. Muhamad) ZAMRINI ( ) (a.k.a. Zamreni)	Gender: male	Branch Chief for Syrian Military Intelligence (SMI) in Homs. Directly involved in repression of and violence against the civilian population in Homs.	23.8.2011
45.	Munir ( ) (a.k.a. Mounir, Mouneer, Monir, Moneer, Muneer) ADANOV ( ) (a.k.a. Adnuf, Adanof)	Date of birth: 1951; Place of birth: Homs, Syria; Passport No 0000092405; Position: Deputy Chief of General Staff, Operations and Training, Syrian Army; Rank: Lieutenant‐General, Syrian Arab Army; Gender: male	Officer of the rank of Lieutenant General and Deputy Chief of General Staff, Operations and Training for the Syrian Army in post after May 2011. In his position as Deputy Chief of General Staff he was directly involved in repression of and violence against the civilian population in Syria.	23.8.2011
46.	Brigadier‐General Ghassan ( ) KHALIL ( ) (a.k.a. Khaleel)	Gender: male	Head of General Intelligence Directorate’s Information Branch. Directly involved in repression of and violence against the civilian population in Syria.	23.8.2011
47.	Mohammed ( ) (a.k.a. Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohamed) JABIR ( ) (a.k.a. Jaber)	Place of birth: Latakia, Syria; Gender: male	Shabiha militia. Associate of Maher al‐Assad for the Shabiha militia. Directly involved in repression of and violence against the civilian population, and in coordination of Shabiha militia groups.	23.8.2011
48.	Samir ( ) HASSAN ( )	Gender: male	Leading businessperson operating in Syria, with interests and/or activities in multiple sectors of Syria’s economy. He holds interests in and/or has significant influence in the Amir Group and Cham Holding, two conglomerates with interests in the real estate, tourism, transport and finance sectors. From March 2014 until September 2018, he held the position of Chairman for Russia of the Bilateral Business Councils following his appointment by Minister of Economy, Khodr Orfali. Samir Hassan supports the Syrian regime’s war effort with cash donations. Samir Hassan is associated with persons benefitting from or supporting the regime. In particular, he is associated with Rami Makhlouf and Issam Anbouba, who have been designated by the Council and benefit from the Syrian regime.	27.9.2014
49.	Fares ( ) CHEHABI ( ) (a.k.a. Fares Shihabi; Fares Chihabi)	Son of Ahmad Chehabi; Date of birth: 7.5.1972 ; Gender: male	President of Aleppo Chamber of Industry; Chairman of the Federation of Chambers of Industry since 16.12.2018. Vice‐Chairman of Cham Holding. Provides economic support to the Syrian regime. Member of Syrian Parliament since 2016.	2.9.2011
50.	Tarif ( ) AKHRAS ( ) (a.k.a. Al Akhras ( ))	Date of birth: 2.6.1951 ; Place of birth: Homs, Syria; Syrian passport No 0000092405; Gender: male	Prominent businessman benefiting from and supporting the Syrian regime. Founder of the Akhras Group (commodities, trading, processing and logistics) and former Chairman of the Homs Chamber of Commerce. Close business relations with President Bashar al‐Assad’s family. Member of the Board of the Federation of Syrian Chambers of Commerce. Provided logistical support for the regime (buses and tank loaders).	2.9.2011
51.	Issam ( ) ANBOUBA ( )	President of Anbouba for Agricultural Industries Co.; Date of birth: 1952; Place of birth: Homs, Syria; Gender: male	Providing financial support for the repressive apparatus and the paramilitary groups exerting violence against the civil population in Syria. Providing property (premises, warehouses) for improvised detention centres. Financial relations with high‐ranking Syrian officials. Co‐founder and member of the board of Cham Holding.	2.9.2011
52.	Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data.	Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data. Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data. Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data.	Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data.	Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data.
53.	Adib ( ) MAYALEH ( ) (a.k.a. André Mayard)	Date of birth: 15.5.1955 ; Place of birth: Bassir, Syria; Gender: male	Former Governor and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Central Bank of Syria. Adib Mayaleh controlled the Syrian banking sector and managed the Syrian money supply through the issue and withdrawal of bank notes and control of the foreign exchange rate value of the Syrian Pound. Through his role at the Central Bank of Syria, Adib Mayaleh provided economic and financial support to the Syrian regime. Former Minister of Economy and Foreign Trade in power after May 2011.	15.5.2012
54.	Major General Jumah ( ) AL‐AHMAD ( ) (a.k.a. al‐Ahmed)	Gender: male	Commander Special Forces. Responsible for the use of violence against protestors across Syria.	14.11.2011
55.	Colonel Lu'ai ( ) (a.k.a. Louay, Loai) AL‐ALI ( )	Place of birth: Jablah, Latakia Province, Syria; Gender: male	Head of Syrian Military Intelligence, Dara’a Branch. Responsible for violence against protesters in Dara’a.	14.11.2011
56.	Ali ( ) Abdullah ( ) (a.k.a. Abdallah) AYYUB ( ) (a.k.a. Ayyoub, Ayub, Ayoub, Ayob)	Date of birth: 1952; Place of birth: Lattakia, Syria; Gender: male	Vice President of the Council of Ministers and Minister of Defence. Appointed in January 2018. Officer of the rank of General in the Syrian Army, in post after May 2011. Former Chief of General Staff of the Syrian Armed Forces. Person supporting the Syrian regime and responsible for repression of and violence against the civilian population in Syria.	14.11.2011
57.	Fahd ( ) (a.k.a. Fahid, Fahed) Jasim ( ) (a.k.a. Jasem, Jassim, Jassem) AL‐FURAYJ ( ) (a.k.a. al‐Freij)	Date of birth: 1.1.1950 ; Place of birth: Hama, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Defence. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population in Syria.	14.11.2011
58.	Major General Aous ( ) (a.k.a. Aws, Aus) ‘Ali’ ASLAN ( )	Date of birth: 1958; Gender: male	High‐ranking officer. Close to Maher al‐Assad and President Bashar al‐Assad. Former positions: Commander of the 40th Brigade (4th Division) between 2011 and 2014; deputy Commander of the 4th Division in 2015; Commander of the 2nd Corps in 2016. Involved in the crackdown on the civilian population across Syria, including arbitrary arrests, mass killings and forced displacements of civilian population.	14.11.2011
59.	General Ghassan ( ) BELAL ( ) (a.k.a. Bilal)	Gender: male	Head of the 4th Division security bureau, head of the 555th paratrooper regiment. Adviser to Maher al‐Assad and coordinator of security operations. Responsible for the crackdown on the civilian population across Syria and involved in several breaches of cessation of hostilities in the Ghouta.	14.11.2011
60.	Abdullah ( ) (a.k.a. Abdallah) BERRI ( )	Gender: male	Head of the Berri family militia. In charge of pro‐government militia involved in the crackdown on the civilian population in Aleppo.	14.11.2011
61.	George ( ) CHAOUI ( )	Gender: male	Member of the Syrian electronic army (territorial army intelligence service).. Involved in the violent crackdown and call for violence against the civilian population across Syria.	14.11.2011
62.	Zuhair ( ) (a.k.a. Zouheir, Zuheir, Zouhair) HAMAD ( )	Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Rank: Major General; Position: Deputy Head of General Intelligence Directorate (a.k.a. General Security Directorate) since July 2012; Gender: male	Officer of the rank of Major General in the Syrian Armed Forces in post after May 2011. Deputy Head of General Intelligence Directorate. Responsible for repression, human rights abuses and violence against the civilian population in Syria.	14.11.2011
63.	Amar ( ) (a.k.a. Ammar) ISMAEL ( ) (a.k.a. Ismail)	Date of birth on or around 3.4.1973 ; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Civilian ‐ Head of Syrian electronic army (territorial army intelligence service). Involved in the violent crackdown and call for violence against the civilian population across Syria.	14.11.2011
64.	Mujahed ( ) ISMAIL ( ) (a.k.a. Ismael)	Gender: male	Member of Syrian electronic army (territorial army intelligence service). Involved in the violent crackdown and call for violence against the civilian population across Syria.	14.11.2011
65.	Major General Nazih ( )	Gender: male	Deputy Director of General Intelligence Directorate. Responsible for the use of violence across Syria and intimidation and torture of protestors.	14.11.2011
66.	Major General Kifah ( ) MOULHEM ( ) (a.k.a. Moulhim, Mulhem, Mulhim, Milhem)	Place of birth: Junaynat Ruslan, Tartous province, Syria; Gender: male	Head of the Military Intelligence Directorate since March 2019. Former Head of the Security Committee in the Southern region and former deputy head of the Military Intelligence directorate, leading the regime’s operation in Homs and Aleppo regions. Responsible for the crackdown on the civilian population in Deir ez‐Zor and the main individual responsible for the violent repression committed by the Military Intelligence Directorate (Branch 248) throughout 2011 and 2012 as well as torture and severe violations on detainees.	14.11.2011
67.	Major General Wajih ( ) (a.k.a. Wajeeh) MAHMUD ( )	Gender: male	Commander 18th Armoured Division. Responsible for the violence against protestors in Homs.	14.11.2011
68.	Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data.	Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data. Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data. Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data. Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data.	Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data.	Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data.
69.	Lt. General Talal ( ) Mustafa ( ) TLASS ( )	Gender: male	Deputy Chief of General Staff (Logistics and supplies). Responsible for the use of violence against protestors across Syria.	14.11.2011
70.	Major General Fu'ad ( ) TAWIL ( )	Gender: male	Deputy head of the Syrian Air Force Intelligence. Responsible for the use of violence across Syria and intimidation and torture of protestors.	14.11.2011
71.	Bushra ( ) AL‐ASSAD ( ) (a.k.a. Bushra Shawkat, Bouchra Al Assad)	Date of birth: 24.10.1960 ; Gender: female	Member of the Assad family; sister of President Bashar al‐Assad. Given the close personal relationship and intrinsic financial relationship to President Bashar al‐Assad, she benefits from and is associated with the Syrian regime.	23.3.2012
72.	Asma ( ) AL‐ASSAD ( ) (a.k.a. Asma Fawaz Al Akhras)	Date of birth: 11.8.1975 ; Place of birth: London, UK; Passport No 707512830, expires 22.9.2020 ; Maiden name: Al Akhras; Gender: female	Member of the Assad family and closely connected to key regime figures; wife of President Bashar al‐Assad. Given the close personal relationship and intrinsic financial relationship to President Bashar al‐Assad, she benefits from and is associated with the Syrian regime.	23.3.2012
73.	Manal ( ) AL‐ASSAD ( ) (a.k.a. Manal Al Ahmad)	Date of birth: 2.2.1970 ; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Passport No (Syrian) 0000000914; Maiden name: Al Jadaan; Gender: female	Wife of Maher al‐Assad, and as such benefits from and is closely associated with the Syrian regime.	23.3.2012
74.	Mohammad Walid GHAZAL	Date of birth: 1951; Place of birth: Aleppo, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Housing and Urban Development (appointed 27.8.2014). As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	21.10.2014
76.	Major General Ibrahim ( ) AL‐HASSAN ( ) (a.k.a. al‐Hasan)	Gender: male	Deputy Chief of Staff. Military official involved in the violence in Homs.	1.12.2011
77.	Brigadier Khalil ( ) (a.k.a. Khaleel) ZGHRAYBIH ( , ) (a.k.a. Zghraybeh, Zghraybe, Zghrayba, Zghraybah, Zaghraybeh, Zaghraybe, Zaghrayba, Zaghraybah, Zeghraybeh, Zeghraybe, Zeghrayba, Zeghraybah, Zughraybeh, Zughraybe, Zughrayba, Zughraybah, Zighraybeh, Zighraybe, Zighrayba, Zighraybah)	Gender: male	14th Division. Military official involved in the violence in Homs.	1.12.2011
78.	Major General Ali ( ) BARAKAT ( )	Gender: male	103rd Brigade of the Republican Guard Division. Military official involved in the violence in Homs. Promoted to Major General in 2017.	1.12.2011
79.	Major General Talal ( ) MAKHLUF ( ) (a.k.a. Makhlouf)	Gender: male	Former commander of the 105th Brigade of the Republican Guards. Former Commander General of the Republican Guards. Current Commander of the 2nd Corps. Member of the Syrian Armed Forces of the rank of Major General in post after May 2011. Military official involved in the violence in Damascus.	1.12.2011
80.	Major General Nazih ( ) (a.k.a. Nazeeh) HASSUN ( ) (a.k.a. Hassoun)	Gender: male	Officer of the rank of Major General in the Syrian Armed Forces in post after May 2011. Head of the Political Security Directorate of the Syrian security services in post after May 2011. Responsible for violent repression of the civilian population in Syria.	1.12.2011
81.	Captain Maan ( ) (a.k.a. Ma'an) JDIID ( ) (a.k.a. Jdid, Jedid, Jedeed, Jadeed, Jdeed)	Gender: male	Presidential Guard. Military official involved in the violence in Homs.	1.12.2011
82.	Mohammad ( ) (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) AL‐SHAAR ( ) (a.k.a. al‐Chaar, al‐Sha'ar, al‐Cha'ar)	Gender: male	Political Security Division. Military official involved in the violence in Homs.	1.12.2011
83.	Khald ( ) (a.k.a. Khaled) AL‐TAWEEL ( ) (a.k.a. al‐Tawil)	Gender: male	Political Security Division. Military official involved in the violence in Homs.	1.12.2011
84.	Ghiath ( ) FAYAD ( ) (a.k.a. Fayyad)	Gender: male	Political Security Division. Military official involved in the violence in Homs.	1.12.2011
85.	Brigadier General Jawdat ( ) Ibrahim ( ) SAFI ( )	Position: Commander of the 154th Regiment; Gender: male	Ordered troops to shoot at protestors in and around Damascus, including Mo’adamiyeh, Douma, Abasiyeh, Duma.	23.1.2012
86.	Major General Muhammad ( ) (a.k.a. Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohammed) Ali ( ) DURGHAM	Position: Commander of the 4th Division; Gender: male	Ordered troops to shoot at protestors in and around Damascus, including Mo’adamiyeh, Douma, Abasiyeh, Duma.	23.1.2012
87.	Major General Ramadan ( ) Mahmoud ( ) RAMADAN ( )	Position: Commander of the 35th Special Forces Regiment; Gender: male	Ordered troops to shoot protestors in Baniyas and Deraa.	23.1.2012
89.	Major General Naim ( ) (a.k.a. Naaeem, Naeem, Na'eem, Naaim, Na'im) Jasem ( ) SULEIMAN ( )	Position: Commander of the 3rd Division; Gender: male	Gave orders to troops to shoot protestors in Douma.	23.1.2012
90.	Brigadier General Jihad ( ) Mohamed ( ) (a.k.a Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohammed) SULTAN ( )	Position: Commander of the 65th Brigade; Gender: male	Gave orders to troops to shoot protestors in Douma.	23.1.2012
91.	Major General Fo'ad ( ) (a.k.a. Fouad, Fu'ad) HAMOUDEH ( ) (a.k.a. Hammoudeh, Hammoude, Hammouda, Hammoudah)	Position: Commander of the military operations in Idlib; Gender: male	Gave orders to troops to shoot protestors in Idlib at the beginning of September 2011.	23.1.2012
92.	Major General Bader ( ) AQEL ( )	Position: Special Forces Commander; Gender: male	Gave soldiers orders to pick up the bodies and hand them over to the mukhabarat and responsible for the violence in Bukamal.	23.1.2012
93.	Brigadier General Ghassan ( ) AFIF ( ) (a.k.a. Afeef)	Position: Commander of the 45th Regiment; Gender: male	Commander of military operations in Homs, Baniyas and Idlib.	23.1.2012
94.	Brigadier General Mohamed ( ) (a.k.a. Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohammed) MAARUF ( ) (a.k.a. Maarouf, Ma'ruf)	Position: Commander of the 45th Regiment; Gender: male	Commander of military operations in Homs. Gave orders to shoot protestors in Homs.	23.1.2012
95.	Brigadier General Yousef ( ) ISMAIL ( ) (a.k.a. Ismael)	Position: Commander of the 134th Brigade; Gender: male	Gave orders to troops to shoot at houses and people on roofs during a funeral in Talbiseh for protesters killed the previous day.	23.1.2012
96.	Brigadier General Jamal ( ) YUNES ( ) (a.k.a. Younes)	Position: Commander of the 555th Regiment; Gender: male	Gave orders to troops to shoot at protestors in Mo’adamiyeh.	23.1.2012
98.	Brigadier General Ali ( ) DAWWA	Gender: male	Gave orders to troops to shoot protestors in Al‐Herak.	23.1.2012
99.	Major General Mohamed ( ) (a.k.a. Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohammed) KHADDOR ( ) (a.k.a. Khaddour, Khaddur, Khadour, Khudour)	Position: Commander of the 106th Brigade, Presidential Guard; Gender: male	Gave orders to troops to beat protesters with sticks and then arrest them. Responsible for repression of peaceful protestors in Douma.	23.1.2012
101.	Wafiq ( ) (a.k.a. Wafeeq) NASSER ( )	Position: Head of Suwayda Regional Branch (Department of Military Intelligence); Gender: male	As Head of the Suwayda Regional Branch of the Department for Military Intelligence, responsible for arbitrary detention and torture of detainees in Suwayda.	23.1.2012
102.	Ahmed ( ) (a.k.a. Ahmad) DIBE ( ) (a.k.a. Dib, Deeb)	Head of Deraa Regional Branch (General Security Directorate); Gender: male	As Head of the Deraa Regional Branch of the General Security Directorate, responsible for arbitrary detention and torture of detainees in Deraa.	23.1.2012
103.	Makhmoud ( ) (a.k.a. Mahmoud) AL‐KHATTIB ( ) (a.k.a. al‐Khatib, al‐Khateeb)	Position: Head of Investigative Branch (Political Security Directorate); Gender: male	As Head of the Investigative Branch of the Political Security Directorate, responsible for detention and torture of detainees.	23.1.2012
104.	Mohamed ( ) (a.k.a. Mohammad, Muhammad, Mohammed) Heikmat ( ) (a.k.a. Hikmat, Hekmat) IBRAHIM ( )	Position: Major General. Head of the police of Al‐Hassaka; Gender: male	Head of the police of Al‐Hassaka. Major General. As former Head of the Operations Branch of the Political Security Directorate, was responsible for detention and torture of detainees.	23.1.2012
105.	Nasser ( ) (a.k.a. Naser) AL‐ALI ( ) (a.k.a. Brigadier General Nasr al‐Ali)	Position: Head of the Political Security Directorate; Gender: male	Head of the Political Security Directorate since July 2019. Responsible for detention and torture of detainees.	23.1.2012
106.	Dr. Wael ( ) Nader ( ) AL–HALQI ( ) (a.k.a. al‐Halki)	Date of birth: 1964; Place of birth: Dara’a Province, Syria; Gender: male	Former Prime Minister, in office until 3.7.2016, and former Minister of Health. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. Chair of the Board of Trustees of the Qasyoun Private University.	27.2.2012
107.	Mohammad Ibrahim AL‐SHA'AR	Date of birth: 1956; Place of birth: Aleppo, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of the Interior. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. Vice Chair of the National Progressive Front of Syria.	1.12.2011
108.	Mohammad ( ) (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) AL‐JLEILATI ( )	Date of birth: 1945; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Finance, in office until 9.2.2013. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	1.12.2011
109.	Imad ( ) Mohammad ( ) (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) Deeb ( ) KHAMIS ( ) (a.k.a. Imad Mohammad Dib Khamees)	Date of birth: 1.8.1961 ; Place of birth: near Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Former Prime Minister and Former Minister of Electricity. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	23.3.2012
110.	Omar ( ) Ibrahim ( ) GHALAWANJI ( )	Date of birth: 1954; Place of birth: Tartous, Syria; Gender: male	Former Vice Prime Minister for Services Affairs, former Minister of Local Administration, in office until 3.7.2016. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	23.3.2012
111.	Joseph ( ) SUWAID ( )	Date of birth: 1958; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of State, in office until at least 21.1.2014. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. Chair of the Amana wing of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party.	23.3.2012
112.	Hussein ( ) (a.k.a. Hussain) Mahmoud ( ) FARZAT ( ) (a.k.a.: Hussein Mahmud Farzat)	Date of birth: 1957; Place of birth: Hama, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of State, in office until at least 2014. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	23.3.2012
113.	Mansour ( ) Fadlallah ( ) AZZAM ( ) (a.k.a.: Mansur Fadl Allah Azzam)	Date of birth: 1960; Place of birth: Sweida Province, Syria; Gender: male	Minister for Presidency Affairs. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	27.2.2012
114.	Emad ( ) Abdul‐Ghani ( ) SABOUNI ( ) (a.k.a. Imad Abdul Ghani Al Sabuni)	Date of birth: 1964; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Telecommunications and Technology, in office until at least April 2014. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. Appointed in July 2016 as the Head of Planning and International Cooperation Agency (government agency).	27.2.2012
115.	General Ali ( ) Habib ( ) (a.k.a. Habeeb) MAHMOUD ( )	Date of birth: 1939; Place of birth: Tartous, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Defence. Associated with the Syrian regime and the Syrian military, and its violent repression of the civilian population.	1.8.2011
116.	Tayseer ( ) Qala ( ) AWWAD ( )	Date of birth: 1943; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Justice. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression of the civilian population. Former Head of Military Court. Member of the High Judicial Council.	23.9.2011
117.	Adnan ( ) Hassan ( ) MAHMOUD ( )	Date of birth: 1966; Place of birth: Tartous, Syria; Gender: male	Syrian Ambassador to Iran. Former Minister of Information in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	23.9.2011
118.	Khalaf Souleymane ABDALLAH (a.k.a. Khalaf Sleiman al‐Abdullah)	Date of birth: 1960; Place of birth: Deir ez‐Zor, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Labour in power after May 2011 (appointed 27.8.2014). As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	21.10.2014
119.	Sufian ( ) ALLAW ( )	Date of birth: 1944; Place of birth: al‐Bukamal, Deir Ezzor, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Oil and Mineral Resources. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression of the civilian population.	27.2.2012
120.	Dr. Adnan ( ) SLAKHO ( )	Date of birth: 1955; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Industry. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression of the civilian population.	27.2.2012
121.	Dr. Saleh ( ) AL‐RASHED ( )	Date of birth: 1964; Place of birth: Aleppo Province, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Education. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression of the civilian population.	27.2.2012
122.	Dr. Fayssal ( ) (a.k.a. Faysal) ABBAS ( )	Date of birth: 1955; Place of birth: Hama Province, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Transport. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression of the civilian population.	27.2.2012
123.	Ghiath ( ) JERAATLI ( ) (a.k.a. Jer'atli, Jir'atli, Jiraatli)	Date of birth: 1950; Place of birth: Salamiya, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of State. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression of the civilian population.	23.3.2012
124.	Yousef ( ) Suleiman ( ) AL‐AHMAD ( ) (a.k.a. al‐Ahmed)	Date of birth: 1956; Place of birth: Hasaka, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of State. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression of the civilian population.	23.3.2012
125.	Hassan ( , ) AL‐SARI ( )	Date of birth: 1953; Place of birth: Hama, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of State. Associated with the Syrian regime and its violent repression of the civilian population.	23.3.2012
126.	Bouthaina ( ) SHAABAN ( ) (a.k.a. Buthaina Shaaban)	Date of birth: 1953; Place of birth: Homs, Syria; Gender: female	Political and Media Advisor to the President since July 2008 and as such associated with the violent crackdown on the civilian population.	26.6.2012
127.	Brigadier General Sha'afiq ( ) (a.k.a. Shafiq, Shafik) MASA ( ) (a.k.a. Massa)	Date of birth: 1956; Place of birth: Al‐Zara (Hama), Syria; Gender: male	Head of Branch 215 (Damascus) of the army’s intelligence service. Responsible for the torture of detained opponents. Involved in repressive actions against civilians.	24.7.2012
128.	Brigadier General Burhan ( ) QADOUR ( ) (a.k.a. Qaddour, Qaddur)	Gender: male	Former Head of Branch 291 (Damascus) of the army’s intelligence service. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody.	24.7.2012
129.	Brigadier General Salah ( ) HAMAD ( )	Gender: male	Deputy Head of Branch 291 of the army’s intelligence service. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody.	24.7.2012
130.	Brigadier General Muhammad ( ) (a.k.a. Mohammed) KHALLOUF ( ) (a.k.a. Abou Ezzat)	Gender: male	Former (2009‐2014) Head of Branch 235 a.k.a. ‘Palestine’ (Damascus) of the army’s intelligence service, which is at the centre of the army’s apparatus of repression. Directly involved in repression of opponents. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody.	24.7.2012
131.	Major General Riad ( ) (a.k.a. Riyad) AL‐AHMED ( ) (a.k.a. al‐Ahmad)	Gender: male	Deputy Head of Latakia Branch of the army’s intelligence service. Responsible for the torture and murder of opponents in custody.	24.7.2012
132.	Brigadier General Abdul‐Salam ( ) Fajr ( ) MAHMOUD ( )	Gender: male	Head of the Bab Tuma (Damascus) Branch of the Syrian Air Force Intelligence Service. Former Head of the Mezze Airport Air Force intelligence investigation branch. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody. Under international arrest warrant for ‘complicity in acts of torture’, ‘complicity in crimes against humanity’ and ‘complicity in war crimes’.	24.7.2012
133.	Brigadier General Jawdat ( ) AL‐AHMED ( ) (a.k.a. al‐Ahmad)	Place of birth: Qardaha, Lattakia province, Syria; Gender: male	Head of the Homs Branch of the Syrian Air Force Intelligence Service. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody as well as killings of peaceful protesters.	24.7.2012
134.	Colonel Qusay ( ) MIHOUB ( )	Date of birth: 1961; Place of birth: Derghamo, Jableh, Lattakia, Syria; Gender: male	High‐ranking officer at the Syrian Air Force Intelligence Service. Former Head of the Deraa branch of the air force's intelligence service (sent from Damascus to Deraa at the start of demonstrations there). Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody as well as the violent repression of peaceful protests in the southern region.	24.7.2012
135.	Brigadier General Suhail ( ) (a.k.a. Suheil) AL‐ABDULLAH ( ) (a.k.a. al‐Abdallah)	Gender: male	Head of the Latakia Branch of the Syrian Air Force Intelligence Service. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody.	24.7.2012
136.	Brigadier General Khudr ( ) KHUDR ( )	Gender: male	Head of the Latakia branch of the General Intelligence Directorate. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody.	24.7.2012
137.	Brigadier General Ibrahim ( ) MA'ALA ( ) (a.k.a. Maala, Maale, Ma'la)	Gender: male	Head of Branch 285 (Damascus) of the General Intelligence Directorate (replaced Brigadier General Hussam Fendi at the end of 2011). Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody.	24.7.2012
138.	Brigadier General Firas ( ) AL‐HAMED ( ) (a.k.a. al‐Hamid)	Gender: male	Head of Branch 318 (Homs) of the General Intelligence Directorate. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody.	24.7.2012
139.	Major General Hussam ( ) (a.k.a. Husam, Housam, Houssam) LUQA ( ) (a.k.a. Louqa, Louca, Louka, Luka)	Date of birth: 1964; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Head of the General Security Directorate. Major General. From April 2012 to 2.12.2018, was head of the Homs branch of the Political Security Directorate (succeeded Brigadier General Nasr al‐Ali). Since 3.12.2018, head of the Political Security Directorate. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody.	24.7.2012
140.	Brigadier General Taha ( ) TAHA ( )	Gender: male	Site manager of the Latakia branch of the Political Security Directorate. Responsible for the torture of opponents in custody.	24.7.2012
141.	Bassel ( ) (a.k.a. Basel) BILAL ( )	Gender: male	Police officer at Idlib central prison; has taken part directly in acts of torture of opponents held in Idlib central prison.	24.7.2012
142.	Ahmad ( ) (a.k.a. Ahmed) KAFAN ( )	Gender: male	Police officer at Idlib central prison; has taken part directly in acts of torture of opponents held in Idlib central prison.	24.7.2012
143.	Bassam ( ) AL‐MISRI ( )	Gender: male	Police officer at Idlib central prison; has taken part directly in acts of torture of opponents held in Idlib central prison.	24.7.2012
144.	Ahmed ( ) (a.k.a. Ahmad) AL‐JARROUCHEH ( ) (a.k.a. al‐Jarousha, al‐Jarousheh, al‐Jaroucha, al‐Jarouchah, al‐Jaroucheh)	Date of birth: 1957; Gender: male	Former head of the foreign branch of General Intelligence (Branch 279). As such, responsible for General Intelligence arrangements in Syrian embassies.	24.7.2012
145.	Michel ( ) KASSOUHA ( ) (a.k.a. Kasouha) (a.k.a. Ahmed Salem; Ahmed Salem Hassan)	Date of birth: 1.2.1948 ; Gender: male	Member of the Syrian security services since the early 1970s, he is involved in combating opposition in France and Germany. Since March 2006, has been responsible for public relations of Branch 273 of the Syrian General Intelligence Directorate. A longstanding member of the managerial staff, he is close to General Intelligence Directorate head Ali Mamlouk, one of the top security officials of the regime who has been subject to EU restrictive measures since 9.5.2011. He directly supports the Syrian regime’s repression of opponents and is responsible inter alia for repression of the Syrian opposition abroad.	24.7.2012
146.	General Ghassan ( ) Jaoudat ( ) ISMAIL ( ) (a.k.a. Ismael)	Date of birth: 1960; Place of birth: Drekish, Tartous region, Syria; Gender: male	Head of the Syrian Air Force Intelligence Service since 2019. Former deputy director of the Air Force Intelligence Service and previously in charge of the missions branch of the Air Force Intelligence Service which, in cooperation with the special operations branch, manages the elite troops of the Air Force Intelligence Service, who play an important role in the repression conducted by the Syrian regime. As such, Ghassan Jaoudat Ismail is one of the top military leaders directly implementing the violent repression of opponents conducted by the Syrian regime as well as practices of disappearance of civilians.	24.7.2012
147.	Major General Amer AL‐ACHI (a.k.a. Amer Ibrahim al‐Achi; Amis al Ashi; Ammar Aachi; Amer Ashi) ( )	Gender: male	Appointed Governor of the Sweida Governorate by President Bashar al‐Assad on July 2016. Former Head of the intelligence branch of the Syrian Air Force Intelligence Service (2012‐2016). Through his role in the Air Force Intelligence Service, Amer al‐Achi is implicated in the repression of the Syrian opposition.	24.7.2012
148.	General Mohammed ( ) (a.k.a. Muhammad, Mohamed, Mohammad) Ali ( ) NASR ( ) (a.k.a. Mohammed Ali Naser)	Date of birth: around 1960; Gender: male	Close to Maher al‐Assad, younger brother of President Bashar al‐Assad. Most of his career has been spent in the Republican Guard. In 2010 he joined the internal branch (Branch 251) of the General Intelligence Directorate which is responsible for combating the political opposition. As one of its senior officers, General Mohammed Ali Nasr is directly involved in the repression of opponents.	24.7.2012
149.	General Issam ( ) HALLAQ ( )	Gender: male	Air Force Chief of Staff since 2010. Commands air operations against opponents.	24.7.2012
150.	Ezzedine ( ) ISMAEL ( ) (a.k.a. Ismail)	Date of birth: middle of the 1940s (probably 1947); Place of birth: Bastir, Jableh region, Syria; Gender: male	Retired general, longstanding member of the managerial staff of the Air Force Intelligence Service, of which he became the head in the early 2000s. Was appointed political and security adviser to the President in 2006. As political and security adviser to President Bashar al‐Assad, Ezzedine Ismael is implicated in the political repression conducted by the Syrian regime against the opposition.	24.7.2012
151.	Samir ( ) (a.k.a. Sameer) JOUMAA ( ) (a.k.a. Jumaa, Jum'a, Joum'a) (a.k.a. Abou Sami)	Date of birth: around 1962; Gender: male	For almost 20 years he has been head of the office of Mohammad Nassif Kheir Bek, one of the main security advisers of President Bashar al‐Assad (and officially deputy to the Vice President, Farouk al‐Sharaa). Samir Joumaa’s closeness to President Bashar al‐Assad and Mohammed Nassif Kheir Bek means that he is implicated in the policy of repression conducted by the Syrian regime against its opponents.	24.7.2012
152.	Dr. Qadri ( ) (a.k.a. Kadri) JAMIL ( ) (a.k.a. Jameel)	Date of birth: 1952; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Former Vice Prime Minister for Economic Affairs, former Minister of Domestic Trade and Consumer Protection. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2012
153.	Waleed ( ) (a.k.a. Walid) AL MO'ALLEM ( ) (a.k.a. Al Moallem, Muallem ( ))	Date of birth: 17.7.1941 ; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Vice Prime Minister, Minister of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2012
155.	Dr. Mohammad ( ) (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) Abdul‐Sattar ( ) (a.k.a. Abd al‐Sattar) AL SAYED ( ) (a.k.a. Al Sayyed)	Date of birth: 1958; Place of birth: Tartous, Syria; Gender: male	Minister of Religious Endowments. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2012
156.	Hala ( ) Mohammad ( ) (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) AL NASSER ( )	Date of birth: 1964; Place of birth: Raqqa, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Tourism. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2012
157.	Bassam ( ) HANNA ( )	Date of birth: 1954; Place of birth: Aleppo, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Water Resources in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2012
158.	Subhi ( ) Ahmad ( ) AL ABDALLAH ( ) (a.k.a. al‐Abdullah)	Gender: male	Former Minister of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2012
159.	Dr. Mohammad ( ) (a.k.a. Muhammad, Mohamed, Mohammed) Yahiya ( ) (a.k.a. Yehya, Yahya, Yihya, Yihia, Yahia) MOALLA ( ) (a.k.a. Mu'la, Ma'la, Muala, Maala, Mala)	Date of birth: 1951; Place of birth: Lattakia, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Higher Education. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2012
160.	Dr. Hazwan ( ) AL WEZ ( ) (a.k.a. Al Wazz)	Gender: male	Former Minister of Education, appointed in July 2016. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2012
161.	Dr. Mohamad ( ) (a.k.a. Muhammad, Mohamed, Mohammed, Mohammad) Zafer ( ) (a.k.a. Dhafer) MOHABAK ( ) (a.k.a. Mohabbak, Muhabak, Muhabbak)	Date of birth: 1945 Place of birth: Aleppo, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Economy and Foreign Trade. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2012
162.	Dr. Mahmoud ( ) Ibraheem ( ) (a.k.a. Ibrahim) SA'IID ( ) (a.k.a. Said, Sa'eed, Saeed)	Date of birth: 1953; Place of birth: Lattakia, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Transport in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2012
163.	Dr. Safwan ( ) AL ASSAF ( )	Gender: male	Former Minister of Housing and Urban Development. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2012
164.	Yasser ( ) (a.k.a. Yaser) AL SIBA'II ( ) (a.k.a. al‐Sibai, al‐Siba'i, al Sibaei)	Gender: male	Former Minister of Public Works. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2012
165.	Sa'iid ( ) (a.k.a. Sa'id, Sa'eed, Saeed) MA'THI ( ) (a.k.a. Mu'zi, Mu'dhi, Ma'dhi, Ma'zi, Maazi) Hneidi ( )	Gender: male	Former Minister of Oil and Mineral Resources. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2012
166.	Dr. Lubana ( ) (a.k.a. Lubanah) MUSHAWEH ( ) (a.k.a. Mshaweh, Mshawweh, Mushawweh)	Date of birth: 1955; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: female	Former Minister of Culture in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2012
167.	Dr. Jassem ( ) (a.k.a. Jasem) Mohammad ( ) (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammed) ZAKARIA ( )	Date of birth: 1968; Gender: male	Former Minister of Labour and Social Affairs. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2012
169.	Dr. Adnan ( ) Abdo ( ) (a.k.a. Abdou) AL SIKHNY ( ) (a.k.a. al‐Sikhni, al‐Sekhny, al‐Sekhni)	Date of birth: 1961; Place of birth: Aleppo, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Industry. As a former Government Minister shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2012
170.	Najm ( ) (a.k.a. Nejm) Hamad ( ) AL AHMAD ( ) (a.k.a. al‐Ahmed)	Gender: male	Former Minister of Justice in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2012
171.	Dr. Abdul‐Salam ( ) AL NAYEF ( )	Date of birth: 1959 Place of birth: Aleppo, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Health in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2012
172.	Ali HADAR	Date of birth: 1962; Gender: male	Head of the National Reconciliation Agency and former State Minister for National Reconciliation Affairs. Chair of the Intifada wing of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2012
173.	Dr. Nazeera ( ) (a.k.a. Nazira, Nadheera, Nadhira) Farah ( ) SARKEES ( ) (a.k.a. Sarkis)	Date of birth: 1962; Place of birth: Aleppo, Syria; Gender: female	Former State Minister for Environmental Affairs, in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2012
175.	Najm‐eddin ( ) (a.k.a. Nejm‐eddin, Nejm‐eddeen, Najm‐eddeen, Nejm‐addin, Nejm‐addeen, Najm‐addeen, Najm‐addin) KHREIT ( ) (a.k.a. Khrait)	Gender: male	Former State Minister. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2012
176.	Abdullah ( ) (a.k.a. Abdallah) Khaleel ( ) (a.k.a. Khalil) HUSSEIN ( ) a.k.a. Hussain)	Gender: male	Former State Minister in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2012
177.	Jamal ( ) Sha'ban ( ) (a.k.a. Shaaban) SHAHEEN ( )	Gender: male	Former State Minister in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2012
178.	Nizar Wahbeh YAZAJI (a.k.a. Nizar Wehbe Yazigi) (نزار وهبه يازجي)	Date of birth: 1961; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Health. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	21.10.2014
179.	Razan ( ) OTHMAN ( )	Wife of Rami Makhlouf, daughter of Waleed (alias Walid) Othman; Date of birth: 31.1.1977 ; Place of birth: Governorate of Latakia, Syria; ID No: 06090034007 Gender: female	Razan Othman has close personal and financial relations with Rami Makhlouf, cousin of President Bashar al‐Assad and principal financer of the regime, who has been designated by the Council. As such, associated with the Syrian regime, and benefiting from it, notably through investments in the real estate sector.	16.10.2012
180.	Ahmad AL‐QADRI (أحمد القادري)	Date of birth: 1956; Gender: male	Former Agriculture and Agrarian Reform Minister. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	24.6.2014
181.	Suleiman AL ABBAS	Gender: male	Former Oil and Mineral Resources Minister in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	24.6.2014
182.	Kamal Eddin TU'MA	Date of birth: 1959; Gender: male	Former Industry Minister in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	24.6.2014
183.	Kinda AL‐SHAMMAT (a.k.a. Shmat)	Date of birth: 1973; Gender: female	Former Social Affairs Minister in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	24.6.2014
184.	Hassan HIJAZI	Date of birth: 1964; Gender: male	Former Minister for Labour in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	24.6.2014
185.	Ismael ISMAEL (a.k.a. Ismail Ismail; or Isma'Il Isma'il)	Date of birth: 1955; Gender: male	Former Finance Minister in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	24.6.2014
186.	Dr. Khodr ORFALI (a.k.a. Khud/Khudr; Urfali/Orphaly)	Date of birth: 1956; Gender: male	Former Economy and Foreign Trade Minister in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	24.6.2014
187.	Samir Izzat Qadi AMIN	Date of birth: 1966; Gender: male	Former Internal Trade and Consumer Protection Minister in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	24.6.2014
188.	Bishr Riyad YAZIGI	Date of birth: 1972; Gender: male	Advisor to President Bashar al‐Assad. Former Minister of Tourism. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	24.6.2014
189.	Dr. Malek ( ) ALI ( ) (a.k.a. Malik Ali)	Date of birth: 1956; Place of birth: Tartous, Syria; Gender: male	Former Higher Education Minister in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	24.6.2014
190.	Hussein ARNOUS (a.k.a. Arnus) (حسين عرنوس)	Date of birth: 1953; Place of birth: Idleb, Syria; Gender: male	Prime Minister. Appointed in August 2020. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	24.6.2014
191.	Dr. Hassib Elias SHAMMAS (a.k.a. Hasib)	Date of birth: 1957; Place of birth: Aleppo, Syria; Gender: male	Former State Minister in power after May 2011. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	24.6.2014
192.	Hashim Anwar AL‐AQQAD (a.k.a. Hashem Aqqad, Hashem Akkad, Hashim Akkad)	Date of birth: 1961; Place of birth: Mohagirine, Syria; Gender: male	Leading businessperson operating in Syria, with interests and/or activities in multiple sectors of Syria’s economy. He holds interests in and/or has significant influence in Anwar Akkad Sons Group (AASG) and its subsidiary United Oil. AASG is a conglomerate with interests in sectors such as oil, gas, chemicals, insurance, industrial machinery, real estate, tourism, exhibitions, contracting, insurance and medical equipment. Hashim Anwar al‐Aqqad also worked as a member of the Syrian Parliament as recently as 2012. Hashim Anwar Al‐Aqqad could not have remained successful without assistance from the regime. Given the extent of his business and political ties to the regime, he provides support to and benefits from the Syrian regime.	23.7.2014
193.	Suhayl (a.k.a. Sohail, Suhail, Suheil) HASSAN (a.k.a. Hasan, al‐Hasan, al‐Hassan) known as ‘The Tiger’ (a.k.a. al‐Nimr)	Date of birth: 1970; Place of birth: Jableh, Latakia Province, Syria; Rank: Major‐General; Position: Commander of Qawat al‐Nimr (Division 25 Special Mission Forces, formerly known as Tiger Forces); Gender: male	Officer of the rank of Major‐General in the Syrian Army after May 2011. Commander of army division known as ‘Tiger Forces’. Since August 2019, ‘Tiger Forces’ has been renamed ‘Division 25 Special Mission Forces’ and placed under the army’s central command. Responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population in Syria.	23.7.2014
194.	Amr ARMANAZI (a.k.a. Amr Muhammad Najib al‐Armanazi, Amr Najib Armanazi, Amrou al‐Armanazy)	Date of birth: 7.2.1944 ; Gender: male	Director‐General of the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre (SSRC), responsible for providing support to the Syrian army for the acquisition of equipment used for the surveillance and repression of demonstrators. Also responsible for the development and production of non‐conventional weapons, including chemical weapons, and the missiles to deliver them. Responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population; supports the Syrian regime.	23.7.2014
199.	Bayan BITAR (a.k.a. Dr. Bayan al‐Bitar)	Date of birth: 8.3.1947 ; Address: P.O. Box 11037, Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Managing Director of the Organisation for Technological Industries (OTI), and the Syrian Company for Information Technology (SCIT), which are both subsidiaries of the Syrian Ministry of Defence, which has been designated by the Council. OTI assists in the production of chemical weapons for the Syrian regime. As Managing Director of OTI and the SCIT, Bayan Bitar provides support to the Syrian regime. Due to his role in the production of chemical weapons, he also shares responsibility for the violent repression of the Syrian population. In view of his senior position in these entities, he is also associated with the designated entities OTI and SCIT.	7.3.2015
200.	Brigadier General Ghassan ABBAS	Date of birth: 10.3.1960 ; Place of birth: Homs, Syria; Address: CERS, Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Scientifique (a.k.a. SSRC, Scientific Studies and Research Centre; Centre de Recherche de Kaboun Barzeh Street, P.O. Box 4470, Damascus, Syria) Gender: male	Manager of the branch of the designated Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre (SSRC/CERS) near Jumraya/Jmraiya. He has been involved in the proliferation of chemical weapons and the organisation of chemical weapons attacks, including in Ghouta in August 2013. He therefore shares responsibility for the violent repression of the Syrian population. As manager of the SSRC/CERS branch near Jumraya/Jmraiya, Ghassan Abbas provides support to the Syrian regime. As a result of his senior position in the SSRC, he is also associated with the designated entity SSRC.	7.3.2015
201.	Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data.	Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data. Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data. Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data.	Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data.	Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data.
202.	Hassan SAFIYEH (a.k.a. Hassan Safiye)	Date of birth: 1949; Place of birth: Latakia, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Internal Trade and Consumer Protection in power after May 2011 (appointed 27.8.2014). As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	21.10.2014
203.	George HASWANI (a.k.a. Heswani; Hasawani; Al Hasawani)	Address: Damascus Province, Yabroud, Al Jalaa St, Syria; Gender: male	Leading businessperson operating in Syria, with interests and/or activities in the engineering, construction and oil and gas sectors. He holds interests in and/or has significant influence in a number of companies and entities in Syria, in particular HESCO Engineering and Construction Company, a major engineering and construction company.	7.3.2015
204.	Emad ( ) HAMSHO ( ) (a.k.a. Imad Hmisho; Hamchu; Hamcho; Hamisho; Hmeisho; Hemasho)	Address: Hamsho Building 31 Baghdad Street, Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Occupies a senior management position in Hamsho Trading. As a result of his senior position in Hamsho Trading, a subsidiary of Hamsho International, which has been designated by the Council, he provides support to the Syrian regime. He is also associated with a designated entity, Hamsho International. He is also vice‐president of the Syrian Council of Iron and Steel alongside designated regime businessmen such as Ayman Jaber. He is also an associate of President Bashar al‐Assad.	7.3.2015
206.	Major General Muhamad ( ) (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad) MAHALLA ( ) (a.k.a. Mahla, Mualla, Maalla, Muhalla)	Date of birth: 1960; Place of birth: Jableh, Syria; Gender: male	Member of the Syria Armed Forces of the rank of Major General in post after May 2011. Former head of the Syrian Military Intelligence (SMI), Branch 293 (Internal Affairs), since April 2015. Responsible for repression of and violence against the civilian population in Damascus/Damascus Countryside. Former Deputy Head of Political Security (2012), Officer of the Syrian Republican Guard and Vice‐Director of the Political Security Directorate. Former head of Military Police, Member of the National Security Bureau.	29.5.2015
207.	Adib SALAMEH (a.k.a. Adib Salamah; Adib Salama; Adib Salame; Mohammed Adib Salameh; Adib Nimr Salameh) ( )	Position: Major General, Deputy Director of Air Force Intelligence Directorate in Damascus; Gender: male	Member of the Syrian security and intelligence services in post after May 2011; Deputy Director of the Air Force Intelligence Directorate in Damascus; previously Head of Air Force Intelligence in Aleppo. Member of the Syrian Armed Forces of the rank of Colonel and the equivalent or higher in post after May 2011; holds the rank of Major General. Responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population in Syria, through the planning of and involvement in military assaults in Aleppo and authority over the arrest and detention of civilians.	28.10.2016
208.	Adnan Aboud HILWEH (a.k.a. Adnan Aboud Helweh; Adnan Aboud) ( )	Position: Brigadier General; Gender: male	Holds the rank of Brigadier General of 155 Brigade and 157 Brigade in the Syrian Army in post after May 2011. As the Brigadier General of 155 Brigade and 157 Brigade, he is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population in Syria, including through his responsibility for the deployment and use of missile and chemical weapons in civilian areas in 2013 and involvement in large scale detentions.	28.10.2016
209.	Jawdat Salbi MAWAS (a.k.a. Jawdat Salibi Mawwas; Jawdat Salibi Mawwaz) ( )	Position: Major General; Gender: male	Holds the rank of Major General, a senior officer in the Syrian Artillery and Missile Directorate of the Syrian Armed Forces, in post after May 2011. As a senior ranking officer of the Syrian Artillery and Missile Directorate, he is responsible for violent repression of the civilian population, including the use of missiles and chemical weapons by Brigades under his command in highly populated civilian areas in Ghouta in 2013.	28.10.2016
210.	Tahir ( ) Hamid ( ) KHALIL ( ) (a.k.a. Tahir Hamid Khali; Khalil Tahir Hamid)	Position: Major General; Gender: male	Holds the ranks of Major General, Head of the Syrian Artillery and Missiles Directorate of the Syrian Armed Forces, in post after May 2011. As a senior ranking officer of the Syrian Artillery and Missile Directorate, he is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population, including the deployment of missiles and chemical weapons by Brigades under his command in highly populated civilian areas in Ghouta in 2013.	28.10.2016
211.	Hilal HILAL (a.k.a. Hilal al‐Hilal) ( )	Date of birth: 1966; Gender: male	Member of the regime‐affiliated militias known as ‘Kataeb al‐Baath’ (the Baath Party militia). Vice‐Chairman of the Baath Party. Supports the Syrian regime through his role in the recruitment and organisation of the Baath Party militia.	28.10.2016
212.	Ammar AL‐SHARIF (a.k.a. Amar al‐Sharif; Amar al‐Charif; Ammar Sharif; Ammar Charif; Ammar al Shareef; Ammar Sherif; Ammar Medhat Sherif) ( )	Date of birth: 26.6.1969 ; Place of birth: Lattakia, Syria; Nationality: Syrian; Syrian Passport: ‐ number: 010312413; ‐ issue number: 002‐15‐L093534; ‐ date of issue: 14.7.2015 ; ‐ place of issue: Damascus‐Centre; ‐ date of expiry: 13.7.2021 ; National number: 060‐10276707; Gender: male	Associated with a member of the Makhlouf family (brother‐in‐law of Rami Makhlouf).	28.10.2016
213.	Bishr AL‐SABBAN (a.k.a. Mohammed Bishr al‐Sabban; Bishr Mazin al‐Sabban)	Date of birth: 1966; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Former Governor of Damascus, who was appointed by, and is associated with, President Bashar al‐Assad. Supports the Syrian regime and is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population in Syria, including engaging in discriminatory practices against Sunni communities within the capital.	28.10.2016
214.	Ahmad Sheik ABDUL‐QADER (a.k.a. Ahmad Sheikh Abdul Qadir; Ahmad al‐Sheik Abdulquader) ( )	Gender: male	Former Governor of Quneitra, associated with and appointed by President Bashar al‐Assad. Previously Governor of Latakia. Supports and benefits from the Syrian regime, including by public support for the Syrian Armed Forces and pro‐regime militia.	28.10.2016
215.	Dr. Ghassan Omar KHALAF ( )	Gender: male	Former Governor of Hama, who was appointed by, and is associated with, President Bashar al‐Assad. He also supports and benefits from the Syrian regime. Ghassan Omar Khalaf is closely associated with members of a regime‐affiliated militia in Hama known as the Hama Brigade.	28.10.2016
216.	Khayr al‐Din AL‐SAYYED (a.k.a. Khayr al‐Din Abdul‐Sattar al‐Sayyed; Mohamed Khair al‐Sayyed; Kheredden al‐Sayyed; Khairuddin as‐Sayyed; Khaireddin al‐Sayyed; Kheir Eddin al‐Sayyed; Kheir Eddib Asayed) ( )	Gender: male	Former Governor of Idlib, associated with and appointed by President Bashar al‐Assad. Benefits from and supports the Syrian regime, including by providing support for Syrian Armed Forces and pro‐regime militia. Associated with the regime’s Minister of Awqaf, Dr. Mohammad Abdul‐Sattar al‐Sayyed, who is his brother.	28.10.2016
217.	Atef NADDAF ( )	Date of birth: 1956; Place of birth: Damascus countryside, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Internal Trade and Consumer Protection. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	14.11.2016
218.	Hussein MAKHLOUF (a.k.a. Makhluf) ( )	Date of birth: 1964; Place of birth: Lattakia, Syria; Gender: male	Minister of local Administration and environment. Former Governor of Damascus Governorate. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population. Cousin of Rami Makhlouf.	14.11.2016
219.	Ali AL‐ZAFIR ( )	Date of birth: 1962; Place of birth: Tartus, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Communications and Technology. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	14.11.2016
220.	Ali GHANEM ( )	Date of birth: 1963; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister for Petroleum and Mineral Resources. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	14.11.2016
221.	Mohammed (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammad) Ramez TOURJMAN (a.k.a. Tourjuman) ( )	Date of birth: 1966; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Information. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	14.11.2016
222.	Mohammed (a.k.a. Mohamed, Muhammad, Mohammad) AL-AHMED (a.k.a. al-Ahmad) ( )	Date of birth: 1961; Place of birth: Lattakia, Syria; Gender: male	Former Culture Minister. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	14.11.2016
223.	Ali HAMOUD (a.k.a. Hammoud) ( )	Date of birth: 1964; Place of birth: Tartus, Syria; Gender: male	Former Transport Minister. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	14.11.2016
224.	Mohammed Zuhair (a.k.a. Zahir) KHARBOUTLI ( )	Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Former Electricity Minister. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	14.11.2016
225.	Maamoun (a.k.a. Ma’moun) HAMDAN ( )	Date of birth: 1958; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Former Finance Minister. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	14.11.2016
226.	Nabil AL‐HASAN (a.k.a. al‐Hassan) ( )	Date of birth: 1963; Place of birth: Aleppo, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Water Resources. Appointed in July 2016. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	14.11.2016
227.	Ahmad AL‐HAMU (a.k.a. al‐Hamo) ( )	Date of birth: 1947; Gender: male	Former Minister of Industry. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	14.11.2016
228.	Abdullah AL‐GHARBI (a.k.a. al‐Qirbi) ( )	Date of birth: 1962; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Internal Trade and Consumer Protection. Appointed in July 2016. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	14.11.2016
229.	Abdullah ( )	Date of birth: 1956; Gender: male	Former State Minister. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	14.11.2016
230.	Salwa ABDULLAH ( )	Date of birth: 1953; Place of birth: Quneitra, Syria; Gender: female	Minister of social affairs and labour. Appointed in August 2020. Former State Minister. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	14.11.2016
231.	Rafe’a Abu SA’AD (a.k.a. Saad) ( )	Date of birth: 1954; Place of birth: Habran village, Sweida province, Syria; Gender: male	Former State Minister. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	14.11.2016
232.	Wafiqa HOSNI ( )	Date of birth: 1952; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: female	State Minister. Appointed in July 2016. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	14.11.2016
233.	Rima AL‐QADIRI (a.k.a. al‐Kadiri) ( )	Date of birth: 1963; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: female	Minister for Social Affairs (since August 2015). As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	14.11.2016
234.	Duraid DURGHAM	Gender: male	Former Governor of the Central Bank of Syria. Was responsible for providing economic and financial support to the Syrian regime through his functions as the Governor of the Central Bank of Syria, which is also listed.	14.11.2016
235.	Ahmad BALLUL (a.k.a. Ahmad Muhammad Ballul; Ahmed Balol)	Date of birth: 10.10.1954 ; Rank: Major General; Commander of the Syrian Arab Air Force and Air Defence Forces; Gender: male	Holds the rank of Major General, a senior officer and Commander of the Syrian Arab Air and Air Defence Forces, in post after May 2011. Operates in the chemical weapons proliferation sector and, as a senior ranking officer of the Syrian Arab Air Force, is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population, including the use of chemical weapons attacks by the Syrian regime identified in the report of the Joint Investigative Mechanism.	21.3.2017
236.	Saji' DARWISH (a.k.a. Saji Jamil Darwish; Sajee Darwish; Sjaa Darwis) ( )	Date of birth: 11.1.1957 ; Rank: Major General, Syrian Arab Air Force; Gender: male	Holds the rank of Major General, a senior officer and former Commander of the 22nd Division of the Syrian Arab Air Force, in post after May 2011. Operates in the chemical weapons proliferation sector and is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population. As a senior ranking officer of the Syrian Arab Air Force and Commander of the 22nd Division until April 2017 he holds responsibility for the use of chemical weapons by aircraft operating from airbases under the control of the 22nd Division, including the attack on Talmenes that the Joint Investigative Mechanism reported was conducted by Hama airfield‐based regime helicopters.	21.3.2017
237.	Muhammed IBRAHIM	Date of birth: 5.8.1964 ; Rank: Brigadier General; Deputy Commander of Syrian Arab Air Force 63rd Brigade at Hama airfield; Gender: male	Holds the rank of Brigadier General, a senior officer and Deputy Commander of the Syrian Arab Air Force 63rd Brigade, in post after May 2011. Operates in the chemical weapons proliferation sector and, as a senior ranking officer of the Syrian Arab Air Force during the period investigated by the Joint Investigative Mechanism and as Deputy Commander of the 63rd Brigade from March to December 2015, is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population through the use of chemical weapons by the 63rd Brigade in Talmenes ( 21.4.2014 ), Qmenas ( 16.3.2015 ) and Sarmin ( 16.3.2015 ).	21.3.2017
238.	Badi' MU'ALLA	Date of birth: 1961; Place of birth: Bistuwir, Jablah, Syria; Rank: Brigadier General; Commander of Syrian Arab Air Force 63rd Brigade; Gender: male	Holds the rank of Brigadier General, a senior officer and Commander of 63rd Brigade of the Syrian Arab Air Force, in post after May 2011. Operates in the chemical weapons proliferation sector and, as Commander of the 63rd Brigade during the period investigated by the Joint Investigative Mechanism, is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population through the use of chemical weapons by the 63rd Brigade in Talmenes ( 21.4.2014 ), Qmenas ( 16.3.2015 ) and Sarmin ( 16.3.2015 ).	21.3.2017
239.	Hisham Mohammad Mamdouh AL‐SHA’AR (هشام محمد ممدوح الشعار)	Date of birth: 1958; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Former Justice Minister. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	30.5.2017
240.	Mohammad Samer Abdelrahman AL‐KHALIL	Gender: male	Economy and Foreign Trade Minister. Appointed in March 2017.	30.5.2017
241.	Salam Mohammad AL‐SAFFAF	Date of birth: 1979; Gender: male	Administrative Development Minister. Appointed in March 2017.	30.5.2017
242.	Samir DABUL (a.k.a. Samir Daaboul)	Date of birth: 4.9.1965 ; Rank: Brigadier General; Gender: male	Holds the rank of Brigadier General, in post after May 2011. As a senior military officer he is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population and involved in the storage and deployment of chemical weapons. He is also associated with the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre, a listed entity.	18.7.2017
243.	Ali WANUS (a.k.a. Ali Wannous) ( )	Date of birth: 5.2.1964 ; Rank: Major General; Gender: male	Holds the rank of Major General, in post after May 2011. As a senior military officer he is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population and involved in the storage and deployment of chemical weapons. He is also associated with the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre, a listed entity.	18.7.2017
244.	Yasin Ahmad DAHI (a.k.a. Yasin Dahi; Yasin Dhahi) ( )	Date of birth: 1960; Rank: Brigadier General; Gender: male	Holds the rank of Brigadier General in the Syrian Armed Forces, in post after May 2011. Senior officer within the Military Intelligence Directorate of the Syrian Armed Forces. Former head of Military Intelligence Branch 235 in Damascus and Military Intelligence in Homs. As a senior military officer he is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population.	18.7.2017
245.	Muhammad Yousef HASOURI (a.k.a. Mohammad Yousef Hasouri; Mohammed Yousef Hasouri) ( )	Rank: Brigadier General; Gender: male	Brigadier General Muhammad Hasouri is a senior officer of the Syrian Air Force, in post after May 2011. He holds the position as Chief of Staff of Air Force Brigade 50 and Deputy Commander of the Shayrat Airbase. Brigadier General Muhammad Hasouri operates in the chemical weapons proliferation sector. As a senior military officer he is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population in Syria.	18.7.2017
246.	Malik HASAN (a.k.a. Malek Hassan) ( )	Rank: Major General; Gender: male	Holds the rank of Major General, a senior officer and Commander of the 22nd Division of the Syrian Air Force, in post after May 2011. As a senior officer of the Syrian Air Force and in the chain of command of the 22nd Division, he is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population in Syria, including the use of chemical weapons by aircraft operating from airbases under the control of the 22nd Division, such as the attack on Talmenas that the Joint Investigative Mechanism established by the United Nations reported was conducted by Hama airfield‐based regime helicopters.	18.7.2017
247.	Jayyiz Rayyan AL‐MUSA (a.k.a. Jaez Sawada al‐Hammoud al‐Mousa; Jayez al‐Hammoud al‐Moussa) ( )	Date of birth: 1954; Place of birth: Hama, Syria; Rank: Major General; Gender: male	Governor of Hasaka, appointed by President Bashar al‐Assad; he is associated with President Bashar al‐Assad. Holds the rank of Major General, a senior officer and former Chief of Staff of the Syrian Air Force. As a senior officer of the Syrian Air Force, he is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population in Syria, including the use of chemical weapons attacks by the Syrian regime during his tenure as Chief of Staff of the Syrian Air Force, as identified in the report of the Joint Investigative Mechanism established by the United Nations.	18.7.2017
248.	Mayzar 'Abdu SAWAN (a.k.a. Meezar Sawan) ( )	Date of birth: 1954; Rank: Major General; Gender: male	Holds the rank of Major General, a senior officer and Commander of the 20th Division of the Syrian Air Force, in post after May 2011. As a senior officer in the Syrian air force he is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population including attacks against civilian areas by aircraft operating from airbases under the control of the 20th Division.	18.7.2017
250.	Mohammad Safwan KATAN (a.k.a. Mohammad Safwan Qattan) ( )	Gender: male	Mohammad Safwan Katan is an engineer at the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre, a listed entity. He is involved in chemical weapons proliferation and delivery. Mohammad Safwan Katan has been involved in the construction of barrel bombs which have been used against the civilian population in Syria. He is associated with the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre, a listed entity.	18.7.2017
251.	Mohammad ( ) Ziad ( ) GHRIWATI ( ) (a.k.a. Mohammad Ziad Ghraywati)	Gender: male	Mohammad Ziad Ghriwati is an engineer at the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre. He is involved in chemical weapons proliferation and delivery. He has been involved in the construction of barrel bombs which have been used against the civilian population in Syria. He is associated with the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre, a listed entity.	18.7.2017
252.	Mohammad Darar KHALUDI (a.k.a. Mohammad Darar Khloudi) ( )	Gender: male	Mohammad Darar Khaludi is an engineer at the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre. He is involved in chemical weapons proliferation and delivery. He has been involved in the construction of barrel bombs which have been used against the civilian population in Syria. He is also associated with the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre, a listed entity.	18.7.2017
253.	Khaled ( ) SAWAN ( )	Gender: male	Dr. Khaled Sawan is an engineer at the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre, which is involved in chemical weapons proliferation and delivery. He has been involved in the construction of barrel bombs which have been used against the civilian population in Syria. He has been associated with the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre, a listed entity.	18.7.2017
254.	Raymond ( ) RIZQ ( ) (a.k.a. Raymond Rizk)	Gender: male	Raymond Rizq is an engineer at the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre, involved in chemical weapons proliferation and delivery. He has been involved in the construction of barrel bombs which have been used against the civilian population in Syria. He is associated with the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre, a listed entity.	18.7.2017
255.	Fawwaz EL‐ATOU (a.k.a. Fawaz Al Atto) ( )	Gender: male	Fawwaz El‐Atou is a lab technician at the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre, involved in chemical weapons proliferation and delivery. He has been involved in the construction of barrel bombs which have been used against the civilian population in Syria. He is associated with the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre, a listed entity.	18.7.2017
256.	Fayez ASI (a.k.a. Fayez al‐Asi) ( )	Gender: male	Fayez Asi is a lab technician at the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre, involved in chemical weapons proliferation and delivery. He has been involved in the construction of barrel bombs which have been used against the civilian population in Syria. He is associated with the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre, a listed entity.	18.7.2017
257.	Hala SIRHAN (a.k.a. Halah Sirhan) ( )	Date of birth: 5.1.1953 ; Title: Doctor; Gender: female	Dr. Hala Sirhan works with Syrian Military Intelligence at the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre. She operated in Institute 3000, which is involved in chemical weapons proliferation. She is associated with the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre, a listed entity.	18.7.2017
258.	Mohamed Mazen Ali YOUSEF ( )	Date of birth: 17.5.1969 ; Place of birth: Damascus Countryside, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Industry. Appointed in January 2018. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	26.2.2018
259.	Imad Abdullah SARA ( )	Date of birth: 1968; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Minister of Information. Appointed in January 2018.	26.2.2018
260.	Yusuf AJEEB (a.k.a. ; Yousef; Ajib)	Position: Brigadier General; Doctor; Head of Security Office, Scientific Studies and Research Centre (SSRC); Address: Scientific Studies and Research Centre (SSRC), Barzeh Street, P.O. Box 4470, Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Holds the rank of Brigadier General, a senior officer in the Syrian Armed Forces, in post after May 2011. Since 2012, he has been Head of Security for the Scientific Studies and Research Centre (SSRC), which is involved in the chemical weapons proliferation sector. As a result of his senior position as Head of Security for SSRC, he is associated with the designated entity SSRC.	19.3.2018
261.	Maher SULAIMAN (a.k.a. ; Mahir; Suleiman)	Place of birth: Lattakia, Syria; Position: Doctor; Director of the Higher Institute for Applied Sciences and Technology; Address: Higher Institute for Applied Sciences and Technology (HIAST), P.O. Box 31983, Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Director of the Higher Institute for Applied Sciences and Technology (HIAST), which provides training and support as part of the Syrian chemical weapons proliferation sector. Due to his senior position at the HIAST, which is an affiliate and subsidiary of the Scientific Studies and Research Centre (SSRC), he is associated with the HIAST and SSRC, both of which are designated entities.	19.3.2018
262.	Salam TOHME (a.k.a. ; Salim; Taame, Ta'mah, Toumah)	Position: Doctor; Deputy Director General, Scientific Studies and Research Centre (SSRC); Address: Scientific Studies and Research Centre (SSRC), Barzeh Street, P.O. Box 4470, Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Deputy Director General of the Scientific Studies and Research Centre (SSRC), which is responsible for the development and production of non‐conventional weapons, including chemical weapons, and the missiles to deliver them. Due to his senior position at SSRC, he is associated with the designated entity SSRC.	19.3.2018
263.	Zuhair FADHLUN (a.k.a. ; Zoher; Fadloun, Fadhloun)	Position: Head of Institute 3000 (a.k.a. Institute 5000), Scientific Studies and Research Centre (SSRC); Address: Scientific Studies and Research Centre (SSRC), Barzeh Street, P.O. Box 4470, Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Director of the branch of the Scientific Studies and Research Centre (SSRC) that is known as Institute 3000 (a.k.a. Institute 5000). In this role, he is responsible for chemical weapons projects, including production of chemical agents and munitions. Due to his senior position at SSRC, he is associated with designated entity SSRC.	19.3.2018
264.	Houmam JAZA'IRI (a.k.a. Humam al‐Jazaeri, Hammam al‐Jazairi)	Date of birth: 1977; Gender: male	Former Minister of Economy and Foreign Trade in power after May 2011, then member of the board of Syriatel (until May 2019) which is designated by the Council. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the violent repression of the Syrian people.	21.10.2014
265.	Mohamad Amer MARDINI (a.k.a. Mohammad Amer Mardini)	Date of birth: 1959; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Higher Education in power after May 2011 (appointed 27.8.2014). As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	21.10.2014
266.	Mohamad Ghazi JALALI (a.k.a. Mohammad Ghazi al‐Jalali)	Date of birth: 1969; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Communications and Technology in power after May 2011 (appointed 27.8.2014). As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	21.10.2014
267.	Issam KHALIL	Date of birth: 1965; Place of birth: Banias, Tartous Governorate, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Culture in power after May 2011 (appointed 27.8.2014). As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	21.10.2014
268.	Ghassan Ahmed GHANNAN (a.k.a. Major General Ghassan Ghannan, Brigadier General Ghassan Ahmad Ghanem)	Rank: Major General; Position: Commander of the 155th Missile Brigade; Gender: male	Member of the Syrian Armed Forces of the rank of Colonel and the equivalent or higher in post after May 2011. Major General and Commander of the 155th Missile Brigade. Associated with Maher al‐Assad through his role in the 155th Missile Brigade. As Commander of the 155th Missile Brigade, he is supporting the Syrian regime and he is responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population. Responsible for firing scud missiles at various civilian sites between January and March 2013.	21.10.2014
269.	Abdelhamid Khamis ABDULLAH (a.k.a. Abdulhamid Khamis Abdullah; Hamid Khamis; Abdelhamid Khamis Ahmad Adballa)	Gender: male	Chairman of Overseas Petroleum Trading Company (OPT) which has been listed by the Council for benefiting from and supporting the Syrian regime. He coordinated shipments of oil to the Syrian regime with listed Syrian state oil company Sytrol. Therefore, he is benefitting from and providing support to the Syrian regime. In view of his position as the most senior person in the entity, he is responsible for its activities.	21.10.2014
270.	Bashar Mohammad ASSI	Date of birth: 1977; Nationality: Syrian; Position: Chairman of the Board of Directors of Aman Damascus (until 2019); founding partner of Fly Aman Limited Liability airline; founder of the Aman Facilities company; Gender: male	Leading businessperson operating in Syria, with interests and activities in multiple sectors of Syria’s economy, including his roles as founding partner of Fly Aman airline and, until May 2019, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Aman Damascus, a joint venture involved in the development of Marota City, a regime‐backed luxury residential and commercial development. Assi benefits from and/or supports the Syrian regime through his business activities. On 30.1.2020, he founded the Aman Facilities company with and on behalf of Samer Foz.	21.1.2019
271.	Khaled AL‐ZUBAIDI (a.k.a. (Mohammed) Khaled/Khalid (Bassam) (al‐) Zubaidi/Zubedi )	Nationality: Syrian; Position: Co‐owner of Zubaidi and Qalei LLC; Director of Agar Investment Company; General Manager of Al Zubaidi company and Al Zubaidi & Al Taweet Contracting Company; Director and Owner of Zubaidi Development Company; co‐owner of Enjaz Investment Company; Gender: male	Leading businessperson operating in Syria, with significant investments in the construction industry, including a 50 % stake in Zubaidi and Qalei LLC, which is constructing the luxury tourist city Grand Town and to which the regime has granted a 45‐year agreement in return for 19‐21 % of its revenue. In this capacity he is linked to Nader Qalei. Khaled al‐Zubaidi benefits from and/or supports the Syrian regime through his business activities, in particular through this stake in the Grand Town development.	21.1.2019
274.	Nader QALEI (a.k.a. Kalai, Kalei)	Date of birth: 9.7.1965 ; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Nationality: Syrian; Passport number (including country that issued and date and place of issue): Syrian Arab Republic; N 010170320; issue number: 002‐15‐L062672; date of issue: 24.5.2015 ; date of expiry: 23.5.2021 ; ID number: Syrian Arab Republic, 010‐40036453; Position: Majority shareholder of Castle Investment Holding; co‐owner of Zubaidi and Qalei LLC; Chairman of Kalai Industries Management; Relatives/business associates or partners/links to listed individuals: Khaled al‐Zubaidi; Address: Young Avenue, Halifax, Canada; Gender: male	Leading businessperson operating in Syria, with significant investments in the construction industry, including a 50 % stake in Zubaidi and Qalei LLC, which is constructing the luxury tourist city Grand Town and to which the regime has granted a 45‐year agreement in return for 19‐21 % of its revenue. In this capacity, he is linked to Khaled al‐Zubaidi. Nader Qalei benefits from and/or supports the Syrian regime through his business activities, in particular through this stake in the Grand Town development.	21.1.2019
275.	Major General Mohammad Khaled AL‐RAHMOUN	Date of birth: 1957; Place of birth: Idleb, Syria; Gender: male	Minister of the Interior. Appointed in November 2018. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	4.3.2019
276.	Mohammad Rami Radwan MARTINI	Date of birth: 1970; Place of birth: Aleppo, Syria; Gender: male	Minister of Tourism. Appointed in November 2018. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	4.3.2019
277.	Imad Muwaffaq AL-AZAB (عماد موفق العزب)	Date of birth: 1970; Place of birth: Damascus Countryside, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Education. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	4.3.2019
278.	Bassam Bashir IBRAHIM	Date of birth: 1960; Place of birth: Hama, Syria; Gender: male	Minister of Higher Education. Appointed in November 2018. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	4.3.2019
279.	Suhail Mohammad ABDULLATIF	Date of birth: 1961; Place of birth: Lattakia, Syria; Gender: male	Minister of Public Works and Housing. Appointed in November 2018. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	4.3.2019
280.	Iyad Mohammad AL‐KHATIB	Date of birth: 1974; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: male	Minister of Communications and Technology. Appointed in November 2018. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	4.3.2019
281.	Mohammad Maen Zein Jazba AL-ABIDIN (a.k.a. Mohammad Maen Zein Jazba Al-Abidin) (محمد معن زين العابدين)	Date of birth: 1962; Place of birth: Aleppo, Syria; Gender: male	Former Minister of Industry. As a former Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	4.3.2019
282.	Anas TALAS (a.k.a. ; Anas Talous/Tals/Tuls/Tlass)	Date of birth: 25.3.1971 ; Nationality: Syrian; Position: Chairman of the Talas Group; Gender: male	Leading businessperson operating in Syria, with interests and activities in multiple sectors of Syria’s economy. Through his business activities and investments, Anas Talas also benefits from and/or supports the Syrian regime. In 2018 the Talas Group, chaired by Anas Talas, entered into a SYP 23 billion joint venture with Damascus Cham Holding for the construction of Marota City, a regime‐backed luxury residential and commercial development.	21.1.2019
283.	Mohammed Nazer JAMAL EDDIN (a.k.a. ; Nazir Ahmad, Mohammed JamalEddine)	Date of birth: 2.1.1962 ; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Nationality: Syrian; Passport number: N 011612445, issue no. 002‐17‐L022286 (place of issue: Syrian Arab Republic); ID Number: 010‐30208342 (place of issue: Syrian Arab Republic); Position: Co‐founder and majority shareholder of Apex Development and Projects LLC and founder of A’ayan Company for Projects and Equipment; Gender: male	Leading businessperson operating in Syria with significant investments in the construction industry, including a controlling 90 % stake in Apex Development and Projects LLC, which has entered into a USD 34,8 million joint venture for the construction of Marota City, a regime‐backed luxury residential and commercial development. Through his participation in the Marota City development, Mohammed Nazer Jamal Eddin benefits from and/or supports the Syrian regime.	21.1.2019
284.	Mazin AL‐TARAZI (a.k.a. ; Mazen al‐Tarazi)	Date of birth: September 1962; Nationality: Syrian; Position: Businessperson; Gender: male	Leading businessperson operating in Syria, with significant investments in the construction and aviation sectors. Through his investments and activities, Mazin al‐Tarazi benefits from and/or supports the Syrian regime. In particular, Mazin al‐Tarazi has concluded a deal with Damascus Cham Holding for a USD 320 million investment in the construction of Marota City, a regime‐backed luxury residential and commercial development. He has also been granted a licence for a private airline in Syria.	21.1.2019
285.	Samer FOZ (a.k.a. Samir ( ) Foz ( )/Fawz; Samer Zuhair Foz)	Date of birth: May 1973; Place of birth: Latakia, Syria; Nationalities: Syrian, Turkish; Turkish Passport number: U 09471711 (place of issue Turkey; expiry date 21.7.2024 ); Position: CEO of Aman Group; Gender: male Other information: Executive President of Aman Group. Subsidiaries: Foz for Trading, Al‐Mohaimen for Transportation & Contracting. Aman Group is the private sector partner in joint venture Aman Damascus JSC with Damascus Cham Holding, in which Foz is an individual shareholder. Emmar Industries is a joint venture between Aman Group and the Hamisho Group, in which Foz has the majority stake and is the Chairman.	Leading businessperson operating in Syria, with interests and activities in multiple sectors of Syria’s economy, including a regime‐backed joint venture involved in the development of Marota City, a luxury residential and commercial development. Samer Foz provides financial and other support to the Syrian regime, including funding the Military Security Shield Forces in Syria and brokering grain deals. He also benefits financially from access to commercial opportunities through the wheat trade and reconstruction projects as a result of his links to the regime.	21.1.2019
286.	Khaldoun AL‐ZOUBI (a.k.a. Khaldoon al‐Zu'bi; Khaldoun Zubi)	Date of birth: 1979; Nationality: Syrian; Position: Founder of Fly Aman Limited Liability and founding member of Asas Iron Company; Gender: male	Leading businessperson operating in Syria, with interests and activities in multiple sectors of Syria’s economy, including his roles as Vice President of Aman Holding and majority shareholder of Fly Aman airline (until February 2019). In this capacity, he is linked to Samer Foz. Aman Holding is represented on the board of, and holds a majority stake in, Aman Damascus, a joint venture in the construction of Marota City, a regime‐backed luxury residential and commercial development. Al‐Zoubi benefits from and/or supports the Syrian regime. Founding member of Asas Iron Company.	21.1.2019
287.	Hussam AL‐QATIRJI (a.k.a. Hussam/Hossam Ahmed/Mohammed/Muhammad al‐Katerji )	Date of birth: 1982; Place of birth: Raqqa, Syria; Nationality: Syrian; Position: CEO of Katerji Group (a.k.a. Al‐Qatirji Company/Qatirji Company/ Khatirji Group/Katerji International Group); Gender: male	Leading businessperson operating in Syria, who is also a Member of Parliament for Aleppo. Al‐Qatirji supports and benefits from the Syrian regime through enabling, and profiting from, trade deals with the regime in relation to oil and wheat.	21.1.2019
288.	Yasser Aziz ABBAS (a.k.a. Yasser, Yaser, Yasr; Aziz, Aziz; Abbas, Abas; ياسرعزيزعباس)	Date of birth: 22.8.1978 ; Nationality: Syrian; Relatives/business associates/entities or partners/links: Bajaa Trading Services LLC; Qudrah Trading; Tafawoq Tourism Projects Company; Top Business Yang King; Al‐Aziz Group; Gender: male	Leading businessperson operating in Syria. Supports and/or benefits from the Syrian regime through business dealings, including fuel smuggling and weapons transfers. Yasser Aziz Abbas profits from facilitating oil imports on behalf of the regime and uses his relations with the regime to obtain preferential dealings and treatment.	17.2.2020
289.	Mahir Burhan Eddine AL‐IMAM (a.k.a. ماهربرهانالدينالإمام)	Date of birth: 22.8.1978 ; Nationality: Syrian; Position: General Manager of Telsa Group/Telsa Telecom; Relatives/business associates/entities or partners/links: Telsa Group/Telsa Telecom; Tazamon Contracting LLC; Castro LLC; Gender: male	Leading businessperson operating in Syria with business interests in tourism, telecommunications and real estate. As General Manager of the regime‐backed Telsa Communication Group as well as of Castro LLC, and through his other business interests, Mahir Burhan Eddine al‐Imam benefits from the Syrian regime and supports its financing and lobbying policy as well as its construction policy.	17.2.2020
290.	Waseem AL‐KATTAN (a.k.a. Waseem, Wasseem, Wassim, Wasim; Anouar; al‐Kattan, al‐Katan, al‐Qattan, al‐Qatan; وسيمقطان, وسيمأنوارالقطان)	Date of birth: 4.3.1976 ; Nationality: Syrian; Position: President of Damascus Countryside (Rural) Province Chamber of Commerce; Relatives/business associates/entities or partners/links: Larosa Furniture/Furnishing; Jasmine Fields Company Ltd.; Muruj Cham (Murooj al‐Cham) Investment and Tourism Group; Adam and Investment LLC; Universal Market Company LLC; Treasurer of the Federation of Syrian Chambers of Commerce; Gender: male	Leading businessperson operating in Syria benefitting from and supporting the regime. Owner of multiple businesses and holding companies with interests and activities in various economic sectors such as real estate, luxury hotel industry and commercial centres. Waseem al‐Kattan rose rapidly as a leading businessman by imposing taxes on goods smuggled into Eastern Ghouta under siege, and is now involved in aggressive forms of clientelism to the benefit of the regime. Waseem al‐Kattan benefits financially from favoured access to public tenders as well as to licences and contracts awarded by government agencies as a result of his close ties to the regime.	17.2.2020
291.	Amer FOZ (a.k.a. عامرفوز)	Date of birth: 11.3.1976 ; Nationality: Syrian; Passport No: 06010274747; Position: General Manager of ASM International General Trading LLC (ASM International Trading); Relatives/business associates/entities or partners/links: Samer Foz; Aman Holding (Aman Damascus Joint Stock Company); ASM International General Trading LLC (ASM International Trading); Gender: male	Leading businessperson with personal and family business interests and activities in multiple sectors of the Syrian economy, including through Aman Holding (formerly known as the Aman Group). Through Aman Holding, he benefits financially from access to commercial opportunities and supports the Syrian regime, including through involvement in the regime‐backed development of Marota City. Since 2012, he has also been General Manager of ASM International Trading LLC. He is also associated with his brother Samer Foz, who has been designated by the Council since January 2019 as a leading businessperson operating in Syria and for supporting or benefiting from the regime.	17.2.2020
292.	Saqr RUSTOM (a.k.a. Saqr, Saqer; As'ad, Asaad, Asad; al‐Rustom, al‐Rostom; صقررستم, صقرأسعدالرستم)	Nationality: Syrian; Position: Head of National Defence Force in Homs; Relatives/business associates/entities or partners/links: Damas Real Estate Development and Investment LLC; Gender: male	Head of the local branch of the National Defence Force in Homs (a regime militia ‐ Shabiha). Responsible for its participation in the brutal repression of the civilian population in Syria. Through his militia, Saqr Rustom is responsible for multiple war profiteering schemes and is therefore benefiting from and supporting the Syrian regime. Associated with designated person Bassam Hassan, his uncle, with whom he established the Damas Real Estate Development and Investment LLC in order to invest in real estate projects.	17.2.2020
293.	Abdelkader SABRA (a.k.a. Abdelkader, Abd el Kader, Abd al Kader, Abdul Kader Abd al Qadr, Abdul Qadr; Sabra, Sabrah; عبدالقادرصبرا; عبدالقادرصبره)	Date of birth: 14.9.1955 ; Nationality: Syrian; Lebanese; Position: Owner of Sabra Maritime Agency; head of the Syrian‐Turkish Businessmen Council; founding partner of Phoenicia Tourism Company; President of the Chamber of Maritime Navigation in Syria; Relatives/business associates/entities or partners/links: Phoenicia Tourism Company (شركةفينيقياللسياحة); Sabra Maritime Agency (كالةصبرهالبحرية); Gender: male	Leading businessperson operating in Syria with multiple economic interests, especially in the maritime and tourism sectors. As a major shipping magnate and a close business associate of Rami Makhlouf (regime supporter and cousin of President Bashar al‐Assad), Abdelkader Sabra provides financial and economic support for the Syrian regime, including through offshore companies. Abdelkader Sabra also benefits from his ties to the regime, which have allowed him to expand his activities in the real estate sector. He is also involved in money laundering and commercial activities in support of the Syrian regime and its associates.	17.2.2020
294.	Khodr Ali TAHER (a.k.a. خضرعليطاه)	Date of birth: 1976; Nationality: Syrian; Position: Director and owner of Ella Media Services; founding partner of Castle Security and Protection and of Jasmine Contracting Company; Chairman and founding partner of the Syrian Hotel Management Company; Manager and owner of Ematel; Relatives/business associates/entities or partners/links: Citadel for Protection; Guard and Security Services (Castle Security and protection); Ematel LLC (Ematel Communications); Syrian Hotel Management Company; Jasmine Contracting Company; Gender: male	Leading businessperson operating across multiple sectors of the Syrian economy, including private security, mobile phone retail, hotel management, advertising services and domestic money transfer. Supports and benefits from the Syrian regime through cooperation in his business activities and his involvement in smuggling and profiteering activities. Khodr Ali Taher owns a number of companies and has co‐founded others. His involvement in business dealings with the regime includes entering into a joint venture with the Syrian Transport and Tourism Company, of which the Ministry of Tourism owns a two‐thirds stake.	17.2.2020
295.	Adel Anwar AL‐OLABI (a.k.a. Adel Anouar el‐Oulabi, Adil Anwar al‐Olabi; عادلأنورالعلبي)	Date of birth: 1976; Nationality: Syrian; Position: Vice Chairman of Damascus Cham Holding Company (DCHC); Governor of Damascus; Gender: male	Leading businessperson benefiting from and supporting the Syrian regime. Vice Chairman of Damascus Cham Holding Company (DCHC), the investment arm of the Governorate of Damascus managing the properties of the Governorate of Damascus and implementing the Marota City project. Adel Anwar al‐Olabi is also the Governor of Damascus, appointed by President Bashar al‐Assad in November 2018. As Governor of Damascus and Vice Chair of DCHC, he is responsible for efforts to implement regime policies of developing expropriated land in Damascus (including Decree No. 66 and Law No. 10), most notably through the Marota City project.	17.2.2020
296.	Talal AL-BARAZI (a.k.a. Barazi) (طلال البرازي)	Date of birth: 1963; Place of birth: Hama city, Syria; Gender: Male	Minister of Internal Trade and Consumer Protection. Appointed in May 2020. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2020
297.	Loubana MOUCHAWEH (a.k.a. Lubana, Mshaweh) (لبانة مشوّح)	Date of birth: 1955; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: Female	Culture Minister. Appointed in August 2020. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2020
298.	Darem TABA’A (دارم طباع)	Date of birth: 1958; Place of birth: Damascus, Syria; Gender: Male	Minister of Education. Appointed in August 2020. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2020
299.	Ahmad SAYYED (a.k.a. Alsyed, al-Sayyed, al-Sayed) (أحمد السيد)	Date of birth: 1965; Place of birth: Quneitra, Syria; Gender: Male	Minister of Justice. Appointed in August 2020. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent of against the civilian population.	16.10.2020
300.	Tammam RA’AD (a.k.a. Tamam, Raad) (تمام رعد)	Date of birth: 1965; Place of birth: Al-Qusayr, Syria; or Homs, Syria; Gender: Male	Minister of Hydraulic/Water Resources. Appointed in August 2020. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent of against the civilian population.	16.10.2020
301.	Kinan YAGHI (a.k.a. Kenan, Yagi) (كنان ياغي)	Date of birth: 1976; Place of birth: Salmiya, Hama countryside, Syria; Gender: Male	Minister of Finance. Appointed in August 2020. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2020
302.	Zuhair KHAZIM (a.k.a. Zouhair) (زهير خزيم)	Date of birth: 1963; Place of birth: Ain al-Tinah, Syria; or Lattakia, Syria; Gender: Male	Minister of Transport. Appointed in August 2020. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression of the civilian population.	16.10.2020
303.	Bassam TOU’MA (a.k.a. TU’MA) (بسام طعمة)	Date of birth: 1969 Place of birth: Safita, Syria Gender: Male	Minister of oil and mineral resources. Appointed in August 2020. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression against the civilian population.	6.11.2020
304.	Hassan GHABACHE (a.k.a. GHOBASH, AL-GHABBASH) (حسن غباشة)	Date of birth: 1971 Place of birth: Damascus, Syria Gender: Male	Minister of health. Appointed in August 2020. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression against the civilian population.	6.11.2020
305.	Ziyad SABBAGH (زياد صباغ)	Date of birth: 1960 Place of birth: Aleppo, Syria Gender: Male	Minister of Industry. Appointed in August 2020. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression against the civilian population.	6.11.2020
306.	Mohammad Hassan QATANA (حسن قطانة)	Place of birth: Damascus, Syria Gender: Male	Minister of Agriculture and Agrarian reform. Appointed in August 2020. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression against the civilian population.	6.11.2020
307.	Ghassan ZAMEL (a.k.a. AL-ZAMIL, AL-ZAMEL) (غسان زامل)	Date of birth: 1963 Place of birth: Damascus, Syria Gender: Male	Minister of Electricity. Appointed in August 2020. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression against the civilian population.	6.11.2020
308.	Mohamad (a.k.a. Mohammad) Fayez BARCHA (a.k.a. AL-BARSHA, AL-BARASHA) (محمد فايز برشة)	Date of birth: 1955 Place of birth: Damascus, Syria Gender: Male	Minister of State. Appointed in August 2020. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression against the civilian population.	6.11.2020
309.	Malloul (a.k.a. Maloul) HUSSEIN (a.k.a. AL-HUSSEIN) (ملول حسين)	Date of birth: 1950 Place of birth: Al-Hasakah Governorate, Syria; Gender: Male	Minister of State. Appointed in August 2020. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression against the civilian population.	6.11.2020
310.	Mohammad Samir HADDAD (محمد سمير حداد)	Date of birth: 1956 Place of birth: Tartous, Syria Gender: Male	Minister of State. Appointed in August 2020. As a Government Minister, shares responsibility for the Syrian regime’s violent repression against the civilian population.	6.11.2020
Deleted by Council Decision (CFSP) 2018/778 of 28 May 2018 amending Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria.
Deleted by Council Decision (CFSP) 2020/719 of 28 May 2020 amending Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria.
Substituted by Council Implementing Decision (CFSP) 2020/1506 of 16 October 2020 implementing Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria.
Deleted by Council Decision (CFSP) 2019/806 of 17 May 2019 amending Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria.
Deleted by Council Implementing Decision (CFSP) 2016/1746 of 29 September 2016 implementing Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria.
Substituted by Council Implementing Decision (CFSP) 2016/1746 of 29 September 2016 implementing Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria.
Deleted by Council Implementing Decision (CFSP) 2015/2359 of 16 December 2015 implementing Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria.
Inserted by Council Implementing Decision (CFSP) 2020/1506 of 16 October 2020 implementing Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria.
Inserted by Council Implementing Decision (CFSP) 2020/1651 of 6 November 2020 implementing Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria.

B. Entities
	Name	Identifying information	Reasons	Date of listing
1.	Bena Properties		Controlled by Rami Makhlouf. Syria’s largest real estate company and the real estate and investment arm of Cham Holding; provides funding to the Syrian regime.	23.6.2011
2.	Al Mashreq Investment Fund (AMIF) (a.k.a. Sunduq Al Mashrek Al Istithmari)	P.O. Box 108, Damascus, Syria; Tel: +963 112110059 / 963 112110043; Fax: +963 933333149	Controlled by Rami Makhlouf; provides funding to the Syrian regime.	23.6.2011
3.	Hamcho International (a.k.a. Hamsho International Group)	Baghdad Street, P.O. Box 8254, Damascus, Syria; Tel: +963 112316675; Fax: +963 112318875; Website: www.hamshointl.com; E‐mail: info@hamshointl.com and hamshogroup@yahoo.com	Hamcho International is a large Syrian holding company owned by Mohammed Hamcho. Hamcho International benefits from and provides support to the Syrian regime and is associated with a person benefiting from and supporting the Syrian regime.	27.1.2015
4.	Military Housing Establishment (a.k.a. MILIHOUSE)		Public works company controlled by Riyad Shalish and Ministry of Defence; provides funding to the Syrian regime.	23.6.2011
5.	Political Security Directorate		Syrian government agency directly involved in repression.	23.8.2011
6.	General Intelligence Directorate		Syrian government agency directly involved in repression.	23.8.2011
7.	Military Intelligence Directorate		Syrian government agency directly involved in repression.	23.8.2011
8.	Air Force Intelligence Agency		Syrian government agency directly involved in repression.	23.8.2011
9.	IRGC Qods Force (a.k.a. Quds Force)	Teheran, Iran	The Qods (or Quds) Force is a specialist arm of the Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). The Qods Force is involved in providing equipment and support to help the Syrian regime suppress protests in Syria. The Qods Force has provided technical assistance, equipment and support to the Syrian security services to repress civilian protest movements.	23.8.2011
10.	Mada Transport	Subsidiary of Cham Holding (Sehanya Dara'a Highway, P.O. Box 9525); Tel: +963 11 99 62	Economic entity financing the Syrian regime.	2.9.2011
11.	Cham Investment Group	Subsidiary of Cham Holding (Sehanya Dara'a Highway, P.O. Box 9525); Tel: +963 11 99 62	Economic entity financing the Syrian regime.	2.9.2011
12.	Real Estate Bank	Insurance Building, Yousef al‐Azmeh Square, Damascus, P.O. Box: 2337, Syria; Tel: +963 11 2456777 and 2218602; Fax: +963 11 2237938 and 2211186; Email: Publicrelations@reb.sy Website: www.reb.sy	State‐owned bank providing financial support for the Syrian regime.	2.9.2011
13.	Addounia TV (a.k.a. Dounia TV)	Tel: +963 11 5667274; +963 11 5667271; Fax: +963 11 5667272; Website: http://www.addounia.tv; Relatives/business associates/entities or partners/links: SAMA TV (sister company); website: www.sama‐tv.net	Addounia TV has incited violence against the civilian population in Syria.	23.9.2011
14.	Cham Holding	Cham Holding Building - Daraa Highway ‐ Ashrafiyat Sahnaya Rif Dimashq – Syria PO Box 9525; Tel: +963 11 9962; +963 11 668 14000; +963 11 673 1044; Fax: +963 11 673 1274; Email: info@chamholding.sy; Website: www.chamholding.sy	Controlled by Rami Makhlouf; second‐largest holding company in Syria, benefiting from and supporting the Syrian regime.	23.9.2011
15.	El‐Tel. Co. (El‐Tel. Middle East Company) (a.k.a. Abraj Tech)	Dair Ali Jordan Highway, P.O. Box 13052, Damascus, Syria; Tel: +963 11 2212345; Fax: +963 11 44694450; Email: sales@eltelme.com; Company owner: Maher Dsouki; Websites: www.eltelme.com, www.abrajtec.com	Manufacturing and supplying communication and transmission towers and other equipment for the Syrian army.	23.9.2011
16.	Ramak Constructions Co.	Dara'a Highway, Damascus, Syria; Tel: +963 11 6858111; Mobile: +963 933 240231	Construction of military barracks, border post barracks and other buildings for army needs.	23.9.2011
17.	Souruh Company (a.k.a. SOROH Al Cham Company)	Adra Free Zone Area, Damascus, Syria; Tel: +963 11 5327266; Mobile: +963 933 526812; +963 932 878282; Fax: +963 11 5316396; Email: sorohco@gmail.com; Website: http://sites.google.com/site/sorohco	Majority of the shares of the company are owned directly or indirectly by Rami Makhlouf.	23.9.2011
18.	Syriatel	Syriatel Mobile Telecom Building, Amman Road, Daraa Highway, Ashrafiyat Sahnaya Area, Damascus, Syria, P.O. Box 2900; Tel: +963 11 61 26 270; Fax: +963 11 23 73 97 19; Email: info@syriatel.com.sy; Website: http://syriatel.sy/	Controlled by Rami Makhlouf; provides financial support to the Syrian regime: through its licensing contract it pays 50 % of its profits to the Government.	23.9.2011
19.	Cham Press TV	Al Qudsi building, 2nd Floor, Baramkeh, Damascus, Syria; Tel: +963 11 2260805; Fax: +963 11 2260806; Email: mail@champress.com; Website: www.champress.net	Television channel which participates in campaigns to spread disinformation and incite violence against demonstrators.	1.12.2011
20.	Al Watan	Al Watan Newspaper, Damascus, Duty Free Zone; Tel: +963 11 2137400; Fax: +963 11 2139928	Daily newspaper which participates in campaigns to spread disinformation and incite violence against demonstrators.	1.12.2011
21.	Centre d'études et de recherches syrien (CERS) (a.k.a. Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Scientifique (CERS); Scientific Studies and Research Centre (SSRC); Centre de Recherche de Kaboun)	Barzeh Street, P.O. Box 4470, Damascus, Syria	Provides support to the Syrian army for the acquisition of equipment used for the surveillance and repression of demonstrators. Operating in the chemical weapons proliferation sector, it is the government entity responsible for developing and producing non‐conventional weapons, including chemical weapons, and the missiles to deliver them.	1.12.2011
22.	Business Lab	Maysat Square, Al Rasafi Street Bldg. 9, P.O. Box 7155, Damascus, Syria; Tel: +963 11 2725499; Fax: +963 11 2725399	Front company for the acquisition of sensitive equipment by the CERS.	1.12.2011
23.	Industrial Solutions	Baghdad Street 5, P.O. Box 6394, Damascus, Syria; Tel/Fax: +963 11 4471080	Front company for the acquisition of sensitive equipment by the CERS.	1.12.2011
24.	Mechanical Construction Factory (MCF)	P.O. Box 35202, Industrial Zone, Al‐Qadam Road, Damascus, Syria	Front company for the acquisition of sensitive equipment by the CERS.	1.12.2011
25.	Syronics – Syrian Arab Co. for Electronic Industries	Kaboon Street, PO Box 5966, Damascus, Syria; Tel: +963 11 5111352; Fax: +963 11 5110117	Front company for the acquisition of sensitive equipment by the CERS.	1.12.2011
26.	Handasieh – Organization for Engineering Industries	P.O. Box 5966, Abou Bakr Al‐Seddeq St., Damascus, Syria and P.O. Box 2849, Al‐Moutanabi Street, Damascus, Syria and P.O. Box 21120, Baramkeh, Damascus, Syria; Tel: +963 11 2121816; +963 11 2121834; +963 11 2214650; +963 11 2212743; +963 11 5110117	Front company for the acquisition of sensitive equipment by the CERS.	1.12.2011
27.	Syria Trading Oil Company (Sytrol)	Prime Minister Building, 17 Street Nissan, Damascus, Syria	State‐owned company responsible for all oil exports from Syria. Provides financial support to the Syrian regime.	1.12.2011
28.	General Petroleum Corporation (GPC)	New Sham ‐ Building of Syrian Oil Company, P.O. Box 60694, Damascus, Syria Tel: +963 11 3141635; Fax: +963 11 3141634; Email: info@gpc‐sy.com	State‐owned oil company. Provides financial support to the Syrian regime.	1.12.2011
29.	Al Furat Petroleum Company	Dummar ‐ New Sham ‐Western Dummer 1st. Island ‐ Property 2299 ‐ A.FPC Building P.O. Box 7660, Damascus, Syria; Tel: +963 11 6183333; +963 11 31913333; Fax: +963 11 6184444; +963 11 31914444; Email: afpc@afpc.net.sy	Joint venture 50 % owned by GPC. Provides financial support to the Syrian regime.	1.12.2011
30.	Industrial Bank	Dar Al Muhanisen Building, 7th Floor, Maysaloun Street, P.O. Box 7572, Damascus, Syria; Tel: +963 11 222 8200; +963 11 2227910; Fax: +963 11 222 8412	State‐owned bank. Provides financial support to the Syrian regime.	23.1.2012
31.	Popular Credit Bank	Dar Al Muhanisen Building, 6th Floor, Maysaloun Street, Damascus, Syria; Tel: +963 11 222 7604; +963 11 221 8376; Fax: +963 11 2210124	State‐owned bank. Provides financial support to the Syrian regime.	23.1.2012
32.	Saving Bank (a.k.a. Savings Bank; formerly known as The General Establishment of Mail Saving Fund; formerly known as The Post Saving Fund)	Syria‐Damascus – Merjah – Al‐Furat St., P.O. Box 5467; Fax: +963 11 224 4909; +963 11 245 3471; Tel: +963 11 222 8403; Email: s.bank@scs‐net.org, post‐gm@net.sy	State‐owned bank. Provides financial support to the Syrian regime.	23.1.2012
33.	Agricultural Cooperative Bank (a.k.a. Al Masraf Al Zeraei Al Taweni; ACB)	Agricultural Cooperative Bank Building, Damascus Tajhez, P.O. Box 4325, Damascus, Syria; Tel: +963 11 221 3462; +963 112 22 1393; Fax: +963 11 224 1261; Website: www.agrobank.org	State‐owned bank. Provides financial support to the Syrian regime.	23.1.2012
34.	Syrian Lebanese Commercial Bank	Syrian Lebanese Commercial Bank Building, 6th Floor, Makdessi Street, Hamra, P.O. Box 11‐8701, Beirut, Lebanon; Tel: +961 1 741666; Fax: +961 1 738228; +961 1 753215; +961 1 736629; Website: www.slcb.com.lb	Subsidiary of the Commercial Bank of Syria already listed. Provides financial support to the Syrian regime.	23.1.2012
35.	Deir ez‐Zur Petroleum Company	Dar Al Saadi Building 1st, 5th, and 6th Floor Zillat Street Mazza Area, P.O. Box 9120, Damascus, Syria; Tel: +963 11 662 1175; +963 11 662 1400; Fax: +963 11 662 1848	Joint venture of GPC. Provides financial support to the Syrian regime.	23.1.2012
36.	Ebla Petroleum Company (a.k.a. Ebco)	Head Office Mazzeh Villat Ghabia Dar Es Saada 16, P.O. Box 9120, Damascus, Syria; Tel: +963 11 6691100	Joint venture of GPC. Provides financial support to the Syrian regime.	23.1.2012
37.	Dijla Petroleum Company	Building No. 653 – 1st Floor, Daraa Highway, P.O. Box 81, Damascus, Syria	Joint venture of GPC. Provides financial support to the Syrian regime.	23.1.2012
38.	Central Bank of Syria	Sabah Bahrat Square, Damascus, Syria Postal address: Altjreda al Maghrebeh Square, Damascus, Syria, P.O. Box: 2254	Provides financial support to the Syrian regime.	27.2.2012
39.	Syrian Petroleum Company	Dummar Province, Expansion Square, Island 19‐Building 32, Syria P.O. Box: 2849 or 3378; Tel: +963 11 3137935 or 3137913; Fax: +963 11 3137979 or 3137977; Email: spccom2@scs‐net.org or spccom1@scs‐net.org; Websites: www.spc.com.sy or www.spc‐sy.com	State‐owned oil company. Provides financial support to the Syrian regime.	23.3.2012
40.	Mahrukat Company (The Syrian Company for the Storage and Distribution of Petroleum Products)	Headquarters: Al Adawi St., Petroleum building, Damascus, Syria; Tel: +963 11 44451348 – 4451349; Fax: +963 11 4445796; Email: mahrukat@net.sy; Website: http://www.mahrukat.gov.sy/indexeng.php	State‐owned oil company. Provides financial support to the Syrian regime.	23.3.2012
41.	General Organisation of Tobacco	Salhieh Street 616, Damascus, Syria	Provides financial support to the Syrian regime. The General Organisation of Tobacco is wholly owned by the Syrian state. The profits that the organisation makes, including through the sale of licences to market foreign brands of tobacco and taxes levied on imports of foreign brands of tobacco, are transferred to the Syrian state.	15.5.2012
42.	Ministry of Defence	Umayyad Square, Damascus, Syria Tel: +963 11 7770700	Syrian government branch directly involved in repression.	26.6.2012
43.	Ministry of Interior	Merjeh Square, Damascus, Syria Tel: +963 11 2219400; +963 11 2219401; +963 11 2220220; +963 11 2210404	Syrian government branch directly involved in repression.	26.6.2012
44.	Syrian National Security Bureau		Syrian government branch and element of the Syrian Ba’ath Party. Directly involved in repression. It directed Syrian security forces to use extreme force against demonstrators.	26.6.2012
46.	General Organisation of Radio and TV (a.k.a. Syrian Directorate General of Radio & Television Est; General Radio and Television Corporation; Radio and Television Corporation; GORT)	Al Oumaween Square, P.O. Box 250, Damascus, Syria; Tel: +963 11 223 4930	State‐run agency subordinate to Syria’s Ministry of Information and as such supports and promotes its information policy. It is responsible for operating Syria’s state‐owned television channels, two terrestrial and one satellite, as well as government radio stations. The GORT has incited violence against the civilian population in Syria, serving as a propaganda instrument for the Syrian regime and spreading disinformation.	26.6.2012
47.	Syrian Company for Oil Transport (a.k.a. Syrian Crude Oil Transportation Company; SCOT; a.k.a. SCOTRACO)	Banias Industrial Area, Latakia Entrance Way, P.O. Box 13, Banias, Syria; Website: www.scot‐syria.com; Email: scot50@scn‐net.org	Syrian state‐owned oil company. Provides financial support to the Syrian regime.	26.6.2012
48.	Drex Technologies S.A.	Incorporation date: 4.7.2000 ; Incorporation number: 394678; Director: Rami Makhlouf; Registered agent: Mossack Fonseca & Co (BVI) Ltd	Drex Technologies is wholly owned by Rami Makhlouf, who is listed under EU sanctions for providing financial support to the Syrian regime. Rami Makhlouf uses Drex Technologies to facilitate and manage his international financial holdings, including a majority share in SyriaTel, which the EU has previously listed on the grounds that it also provides financial support to the Syrian regime.	24.7.2012
49.	Cotton Marketing Organisation	Bab Al‐Faraj, P.O. Box 729, Aleppo, Syria Tel.: +963 21 2239495/6/7/8; Email: Cmo‐aleppo@mail.sy; Website: www.cmo.gov.sy	State‐owned company. Provides financial support to the Syrian regime.	24.7.2012
50.	Syrian Arab Airlines (a.k.a. SAA; Syrian Air)	Al‐Mohafazeh Square, P.O. Box 417, Damascus, Syria; Tel: +963 11 2240774	Public company controlled by the Syrian regime. Provides financial support for the regime.	24.7.2012
52.	Megatrade	Aleppo Street, P.O. Box 5966, Damascus, Syria; Fax: +963 11 4471081	Acts as a proxy for the Scientific Studies and Research Centre (SSRC), which is listed. Involved in trade in dual use goods prohibited by EU sanctions for the Syrian government.	16.10.2012
53.	Expert Partners	Rukn Addin, Saladin Street, Building 5, P.O. Box 7006, Damascus, Syria	Acts as a proxy for the Scientific Studies and Research Centre (SSRC), which is listed. Involved in trade in dual use goods prohibited by EU sanctions for the Syrian government.	16.10.2012
54.	Overseas Petroleum Trading (a.k.a. Overseas Petroleum Trading SAL (Off‐Shore); Overseas Petroleum Company)	Dunant Street, Snoubra Sector, Beirut, Lebanon	Providing support to the Syrian regime and benefitting from the regime by organising covert shipments of oil to the Syrian regime. Controlled by Abdelhamid Khamis Abdullah (Chairman) who has been designated by the Council, and therefore associated with him.	23.7.2014
56.	The Baniyas Refinery Company (a.k.a. Banias; Banyas)	Banias Refinery Building, 26 Latkia Main Road, Tartous, P.O. Box 26, Syria	Subsidiary of the General Corporation for Refining and Distribution of Petroleum Products (GCRDPP), a section of the Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources. As such it provides financial support to the Syrian regime.	23.7.2014
57.	The Homs Refinery Company (a.k.a Hims, General Company for Homs Refinery)	General Company for Homs Refinery Building, 352 Tripoli Street, Homs, P.O. Box 352, Syria	Subsidiary of the General Corporation for Refining and Distribution of Petroleum Products (GCRDPP), a section of the Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources. As such it provides financial support to the Syrian regime.	23.7.2014
58.	Army Supply Bureau	P.O. Box 3361, Damascus, Syria	Involved in the procurement of military equipment for the Syrian regime, and therefore responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population in Syria. Branch of the Syrian Ministry of Defence.	23.7.2014
59.	Industrial Establishment of Defence (a.k.a. Industrial Establishment of Defense (IED); Industrial Establishment for Defence; Defence Factories Establishment; Establissements Industriels de la Defense (EID); Establissement Industrial de la Defence (ETINDE), Coefficient Defense Foundation)	Al Thawraa Street, P.O. Box 2330 Damascus, Syria Or Al‐Hameh, Damascus Countryside, P.O. Box 2230, Syria	Involved in the procurement of military equipment for the Syrian regime, and therefore responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population in Syria. Branch of the Syrian Ministry of Defence.	23.7.2014
60.	Higher Institute for Applied Sciences and Technology (HIAST) ( ) (a.k.a. Institut Supérieur des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ISSAT))	P.O. Box 31983, Barzeh, Syria	Affiliated to and a subsidiary of the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre (SSRC) which is already designated by the Council. It provides training and support to the SSRC and is therefore responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population.	23.7.2014
61.	National Standards & Calibration Laboratory (NSCL)	P.O. Box 4470, Damascus, Syria	Affiliated to and a subsidiary of the Syrian Scientific Studies and Research Centre (SSRC) which is already designated by the Council. It provides training and support to the SSRC and is therefore responsible for the violent repression of the civilian population.	23.7.2014
62.	El Jazireh (a.k.a. Al Jazerra)	Shaheen Building, 2nd floor, Sami el Solh, Beirut, Lebanon; Sector of hydrocarbons	Owned or controlled by Ayman Jaber, therefore associated with a designated person.	23.7.2014
63.	Pangates International Corp Ltd (a.k.a. Pangates)	P.O. Box 8177, Sharjah Airport International Free Zone, United Arab Emirates	Acts as an intermediary in the supply of oil to the Syrian regime. Therefore, it is providing support to and benefiting from the Syrian regime. It is also associated with listed Syrian oil company Sytrol.	21.10.2014
64.	Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data. Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data.	Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data. Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data.	Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data.	Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data.
65.	Organisation for Technological Industries (OTI) (a.k.a. Technical Industries Corporation (TIC))	P.O. Box 11037, Damascus, Syria	Subsidiary of the Syrian Ministry of Defence, which has been designated by the Council. OTI is involved in the production of chemical weapons for the Syrian regime. It is therefore responsible for the violent repression of the Syrian population. As a subsidiary of the Ministry of Defence, it is also associated with a designated entity.	7.3.2015
66.	Syrian Company for Information Technology (SCIT)	P.O. Box 11037, Damascus, Syria	Subsidiary of the Organisation for Technological Industries (OTI) and therefore the Syrian Ministry of Defence, which have been designated by the Council. It also works with the Central Bank of Syria which has been designated by the Council. As a subsidiary of OTI and the Ministry of Defence, SCIT is associated with these designated entities.	7.3.2015
67.	Hamsho Trading (a.k.a. Hamsho Group; Hmisho Trading Group; Hmisho Economic Group)	Hamsho Building, 31 Baghdad Street, Damascus, Syria	Subsidiary of Hamsho International, which has been designated by the Council. As such, Hamsho Trading is associated with a designated entity, Hamsho International. Supports the Syrian regime through its subsidiaries, including Syria Steel. Through its subsidiaries it is associated with groups such as the pro‐regime Shabiha militias.	7.3.2015
71.	Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data. Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data.	Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data. Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data.	Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data.	Information erased within the framework of the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data.
72.	Rawafed Damascus Private Joint Stock Company (a.k.a. Rawafed/Rawafid/Rawafed (Tributary) Damascus Private Joint Stock Company)	Damascus, Syria	A USD 48,3 million joint venture between Damascus Cham Holding, Ramak Development and Humanitarian Projects, Al‐Ammar LLC, Timeet Trading LLC (a.k.a. Ultimate Trading Co. Ltd.) and Wings Private JSC. Rawafed supports and/or benefits from the Syrian regime, including through its participation in the regime‐backed luxury development Marota City.	21.1.2019
73.	Aman Damascus Joint Stock Company (a.k.a. Aman Damascus JSC)	Damascus, Syria	A USD 18,9 million joint venture between Damascus Cham Holding and Aman Group. Through its participation in the regime‐backed luxury development Marota City, Aman Damascus supports and/or benefits from the Syrian regime.	21.1.2019
74.	Bunyan Damascus Private Joint Stock Company (a.k.a. Bunyan Damascus Private JSC)	Damascus, Syria	A USD 34,8 million joint venture between Damascus Cham Holding and Apex Development and Projects LLC and Tamayoz LLC. Through its participation in the regime‐backed luxury development Marota City, Bunyan Damascus Private Joint Stock Company supports and/or benefits from the Syrian regime.	21.1.2019
75.	Mirza	Damascus, Syria	A USD 52,7 million joint venture between Damascus Cham Holding and Talas Group. Through its participation in the regime‐backed luxury development Marota City, Mirza supports and/or benefits from the Syrian regime.	21.1.2019
77.	Al Qatarji Company (a.k.a. Qatarji International Group; Al‐Sham and Al‐Darwish Company; Khatirji/Katarji/Katerji Group; مجموعة/شركةقاطرخي)	Type of entity: private company; Business sector: import/export; trucking; supply of oil and commodities; Name of Director/Management: Hussam al‐Qatirji, CEO (designated by the Council); Ultimate beneficial owner: Hussam al‐Qatirji (designated by the Council); Registered address: Mazzah, Damascus, Syria; Relatives/business associates/entities or partners/links: Arvada/Arfada Petroleum Company JSC	Prominent company operating across multiple sectors of the Syrian economy. By facilitating fuel, arms and ammunition trade between the regime and various actors including ISIS (Daesh) under the pretext of importing and exporting food items, supporting militias fighting alongside the regime and taking advantage of its ties with the regime to expand its commercial activity, Al Qatarji Company – whose board is headed by designated person Hussam al-Qatarji, a member of the Syrian People’s Assembly – supports and benefits from the Syrian regime.	17.2.2020
78.	Damascus Cham Holding Company (a.k.a. Damascus Cham Private Joint Stock Company; القابضةالشامدمشق)	Type of entity: public‐owned company under private law; Business sector: real estate development; Name of Director/Management: Adel Anwar al‐Olabi, Vice-Chair of the Board of Directors and Governor of Damascus (designated by the Council); Ultimate beneficial owner: Governorate of Damascus; Relatives/business associates/entities or partners/links: Rami Makhlouf (designated by the Council); Samer Foz (designated by the Council); Mazen Tarazi (designated by the Council); Talas Group, owned by businessman Anas Talas (designated by the Council); Khaled al‐Zubaidi (designated by the Council); Nader Qalei (designated by the Council)	Damascus Cham Holding Company was established by the regime as the investment arm of the Governorate of Damascus in order to manage the properties of the Governorate of Damascus and implement the Marota City project, a luxurious real estate project based on expropriated land under Decree No. 66 and Law No. 10 in particular. By managing the implementation of Marota City, Damascus Cham Holding (whose Vice‐Chair is the Governor of Damascus) supports and benefits from the Syrian regime and provides benefits to businesspeople with close ties to the regime who have struck lucrative deals with this entity through public‐private partnerships.	17.2.2020
Deleted by Council Decision 2014/309/CFSP of 28 May 2014 amending Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria.
Deleted by Council Implementing Decision (CFSP) 2016/2000 of 15 November 2016 implementing Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria.
Inserted by Council Implementing Decision 2014/730/CFSP of 20 October 2014 implementing Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria.
Inserted by Council Implementing Decision (CFSP) 2017/1245 of 10 July 2017 implementing Decision 2013/255/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against Syria.

ANNEX II List of entities referred to in Article 28

Entities
	Name	Identifying information	Reasons	Date of listing
1.	Commercial Bank of Syria	Damascus Branch, P.O. Box 2231, Moawiya St., Damascus, Syria; P.O. Box 933, Yousef Azmeh Square, Damascus, Syria; Aleppo Branch, P.O. Box 2, Kastel Hajjarin St., Aleppo, Syria; SWIFT/BIC: CMSYSYDA; all offices worldwide [NPWMD]; Website: http://cbs-bank.sy/En-index.php Tel: +963 11 2218890; Fax: +963 11 2216975; General management: dir.cbs@mail.sy	State-owned bank providing financial support to the regime.	13.10.2011
Substituted by Corrigendum to Council Decision 2013/255/CFSP of 31 May 2013 concerning restrictive measures against Syria (Official Journal of the European Union L 147 of 1 June 2013).