Commission Implementing Decision of 26 March 2013 establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions for the production of cement, lime and magnesium oxide (notified under document C(2013) 1728) (Text with EEA relevance) (2013/163/EU) (c. 163)

ANNEX BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CEMENT, LIME AND MAGNESIUM OXIDE

BAT CONCLUSIONS

1.2 BAT conclusions for the cement industry

1.2.5 Dust emissions

1.2.5.1 Diffuse dust emissions

14.In order to minimise/prevent diffuse dust emissions from dusty operations, BAT is to use one or a combination of the following techniques:

	Technique	Applicability
a	Use a simple and linear site layout of the installation	Applicable to new plants only
b	Enclose/encapsulate dusty operations, such as grinding, screening and mixing	Generally applicable
c	Cover conveyors and elevators, which are constructed as closed systems, if diffuse dust emissions are likely to be released from dusty material
d	Reduce air leakages and spillage points
e	Use automatic devices and control systems
f	Ensure trouble-free operations
g	Ensure proper and complete maintenance of the installation using mobile and stationary vacuum cleaning. During maintenance operations or in cases of trouble with conveying systems, spillage of materials can take place. To prevent the formation of diffuse dust during removal operations, vacuum systems should be used. New buildings can easily be equipped with stationary vacuum cleaning piping, while existing buildings are normally better fitted with mobile systems and flexible connections In specific cases, a circulation process could be favoured for pneumatic conveying systems
h	Ventilate and collect dust in fabric filters: As far as possible, all material handling should be conducted in closed systems maintained under negative pressure. The suction air for this purpose is then dedusted by a fabric filter before being emitted into the air
i	Use closed storage with an automatic handling system: Clinker silos and closed fully automated raw material storage areas are considered the most efficient solution to the problem of diffuse dust generated by high volume stocks. These types of storage are equipped with one or more fabric filters to prevent diffuse dust formation in loading and unloading operations Use storage silos with adequate capacities, level indicators with cut out switches and with filters to deal with dust-bearing air displaced during filling operations
j	Use flexible filling pipes for dispatch and loading processes, equipped with a dust extraction system for loading cement, which are positioned towards the loading floor of the lorry

15.In order to minimise/prevent diffuse dust emissions from bulk storage areas, BAT is to use one or a combination of the following techniques:

	Technique
a	Cover bulk storage areas or stockpiles or enclose them with screening, walling or an enclosure consisting of vertical greenery (artificial or natural wind barriers for open pile wind protection)
b	Use open pile wind protection: Outdoor storage piles of dusty materials should be avoided, but when they do exist it is possible to reduce diffuse dust by using properly designed wind barriers
c	Use water spray and chemical dust suppressors: When the point source of diffuse dust is well localised, a water spray injection system can be installed. The humidification of dust particles aids agglomeration and so helps dust settle. A wide variety of agents is also available to improve the overall efficiency of the water spray
d	Ensure paving, road wetting and housekeeping: Areas used by lorries should be paved when possible and the surface should be kept as clean as possible. Wetting the roads can reduce diffuse dust emissions, especially during dry weather. They also can be cleaned with road sweepers. Good housekeeping practices should be used in order to keep diffuse dust emissions to a minimum
e	Ensure humidification of stockpiles: Diffuse dust emissions at stockpiles can be reduced by using sufficient humidification of the charging and discharging points, and by using conveyor belts with adjustable heights
f	Match the discharge height to the varying height of the heap, automatically if possible or by reduction of the unloading velocity, when diffuse dust emissions at the charging or discharging points of storage sites cannot be avoided

1.2.5.2 Channelled dust emissions from dusty operations

This section concerns dust emissions arising from dusty operations other than those from kiln firing, cooling and the main milling processes. This covers processes such as the crushing of raw materials; raw material conveyors and elevators; the storage of raw materials, clinker and cement; the storage of fuels and the dispatch of cement.

16.In order to reduce channelled dust emissions, BAT is to apply a maintenance management system which especially addresses the performance of filters applied to dusty operations, other than those from kiln firing, cooling and main milling processes. Taking this management system into account, BAT is to use dry flue-gas cleaning with a filter.

Description

For dusty operations, dry flue-gas cleaning with a filter usually consists of a fabric filter. A description of fabric filters is provided in Section 1.5.1.

BAT-associated emission levels

The BAT-AEL for channelled dust emissions from dusty operations (other than those from kiln firing, cooling and the main milling processes) is < 10 mg/Nm³, as the average over the sampling period (spot measurement, for at least half an hour).

It should be noted that for small sources (< 10 000 Nm³/h) a priority approach, based on the maintenance management system, regarding the frequency for checking the performance of the filter has to be taken into account (see also BAT 5).

1.2.5.3 Dust emissions from kiln firing processes

17.In order to reduce dust emissions from flue-gases of kiln firing processes, BAT is to use dry flue-gas cleaning with a filter.

	Technique^a	Applicability
^a A description of the techniques is given in Section 1.5.1.
a	Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs)	Applicable to all kiln systems
b	Fabric filters
c	Hybrid filters

BAT-associated emission levels

The BAT-AEL for dust emissions from flue-gases of kiln firing processes is <10 – 20 mg/Nm³, as the daily average value. When applying fabric filters or new or upgraded ESPs, the lower level is achieved.

1.2.5.4 Dust emissions from cooling and milling processes

18.In order to reduce dust emissions from the flue-gases of cooling and milling processes, BAT is to use dry flue-gas cleaning with a filter.

	Technique^a	Applicability
^a A description of the techniques is given in Section 1.5.1
a	Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs)	Generally applicable to clinker coolers and cement mills.
b	Fabric filters	Generally applicable to clinker coolers and mills
c	Hybrid filters	Applicable to clinker coolers and cement mills.

BAT-associated emission levels

The BAT-AEL for dust emissions from the flue-gases of cooling and milling processes is <10 – 20 mg/Nm³, as the daily average value or average over the sampling period (spot measurements for at least half an hour). When applying fabric filters or new or upgraded ESPs, the lower level is achieved.