III. COMPETITIVE ASSESSMENT U.K.

A. Interventional cardiology U.K.

(16) Interventional cardiology is a relatively recent, innovation driven business which is characterised by significant barriers to entry, i.e. R & D financing, intellectual property rights for product development, long time-to-market for new products, clinical trials, and product range. U.K.

(17) In the area of interventional cardiology there are two leagues of players: large global companies competing on a worldwide level (J & J, Guidant, Medtronic, Boston Scientific and Abbott) and ‘local players’ (Sorin, Biotronik and others). U.K.

1. Drug-eluting stents U.K.

(18) In the market for DES, the concentration would result in the removal of a potential competitor given that Guidant is present only in BMS and not yet in DES, while J & J is one of the only two players already active in this segment, the other being Boston Scientific. U.K.

(19) Despite the fact that there is an indication that Guidant would likely have been one of the key players in the market for DES, acting as a major competitive constraint vis-à-vis the two current competitors J & J and Boston Scientific, the evidence collected in the investigation also proved that the other new entrants will be likely to exert sufficient competitive constraints on the market for DES, compensating for the loss of competition resulting from J & J’s acquisition of Guidant (Medtronic, Abbott, Conor/Biotronik and Sorin). U.K.

(20) The Commission, therefore, concluded that the notified concentration does not raise any serious doubts as to its compatibility with the common market with regard to DES and thus, the concentration will not significantly impede effective competition in the common market for DES. U.K.

2. Steerable guidewires U.K.

(21) In the interventional cardiology market for steerable guidewires virtually all national markets are strongly affected by the concentration (above 40 % and with an increment of at least 5 %), and in many of these, including the largest countries of the EU, the parties’ combined market shares are above (65 to 75 %) and even (75 to 85 %). U.K.

3. Conclusion U.K.

(22) The Commission, therefore, concluded that the notified concentration raises serious doubts as to its compatibility with the common market by enabling the merging parties to strengthen Guidant’s uncontested leadership, in so far as it removes one of the only two main competitors in this market. Further, the remaining firms in the market may even be expected to benefit from the reduction in competition which will result from the merger; the increase in concentration will enable them to attain higher prices than would otherwise have been the case. U.K.