SCHEDULE 1SRIGHT TO BUY LAND TO FURTHER SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: MINOR AND CONSEQUENTIAL MODIFICATIONS
(introduced by section 129(1))
Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003S
1(1)The Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003 is amended as follows.S
(2)In section 35 (provisions supplementary to section 34)—
(a)for subsection (A1) substitute—
“(A1)During the relevant period, a community body which modifies its memorandum, articles of association, constitution or registered rules (as defined in section 34(8)) must, as soon as possible after such modification, notify the Scottish Ministers in writing of the modification.”,
(b)for subsection (1) substitute—
“(1)A community body—
(a)which—
(i)has registered a community interest in land under this Part and remains so registered, or
(ii)has bought land under this Part, any part of which remains in its ownership, and
(b)which modifies its memorandum, articles of association, constitution or registered rules (as defined in section 34(8)),
must, as soon as possible after such modification, notify the Scottish Ministers in writing of the modification.”.
(3)In section 52 (ballot procedure), for subsection (4) substitute—
“(4)The period referred to in subsection (3) above is—
(a)the period of 12 weeks beginning with the date on which a valuer is appointed under section 59(1) in respect of the land in relation to which the community body has confirmed it will exercise its right to buy, or
(b)where—
(i)the ballotter receives notification under section 60(3C), and
(ii)the date notified under paragraph (c) of that subsection is after the end of the 12 week period beginning with the date on which a valuer is appointed under section 59(1),
the period beginning with the date on which a valuer is appointed under section 59(1) and ending with the day after the date notified to the ballotter under section 60(3C).”.
(4)In section 72 (provisions supplementary to section 71), for subsection (1) substitute—
“(1)A crofting community body—
(a)which has bought land under this Part, any part of which remains in its ownership, and
(b)which modifies its memorandum, articles of association, constitution or registered rules (as defined in section 71(8)),
must, as soon as possible after such modification, notify the Scottish Ministers in writing of the modification.”.
(5)In section 97E (provisions supplementary to section 97D), for subsection (1) substitute—
“(1)A Part 3A community body—
(a)which has bought land under this Part, any part of which remains in its ownership, and
(b)which modifies its memorandum, articles of association, constitution or registered rules (as defined in section 97D(12)),
must, as soon as possible after such modification, notify the Scottish Ministers in writing of the modification.”.
(6)In section 97N (effect of Ministers' decision on right to buy), in subsection (2)(b), for “Register of Community Rights in Abandoned, Neglected or Detrimental Land” substitute “ New Register ”.
(7)In section 97V (appeals), in subsection (9)(a), for Register of Community Interests in Abandoned, Neglected or Detrimental Land” substitute New Register”.
Commencement Information
I1Sch. 1 para. 1 in force at 27.6.2018 by S.S.I. 2018/138, art. 3, sch. 2 (with reg. 4)
SCHEDULE 2SAGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS: MINOR AND CONSEQUENTIAL MODIFICATIONS
(introduced by section 129(2))
PART 1 SModern limited duration tenancies and repairing tenancies
Sheriff Courts (Scotland) Act 1907S
1(1)The Sheriff Courts (Scotland) Act 1907 is amended as follows.S
(2)In section 37A (removings: exception for certain tenancies), for “or limited duration tenancies” substitute “ , limited duration tenancies, modern limited duration tenancies or repairing tenancies ”.
Commencement Information
I2Sch. 2 para. 1 in force at 30.11.2017 by S.S.I. 2017/299, reg. 2, sch. (with reg. 6) (as amended by S.S.I. 2017/370, regs. 1, 3, 4)
Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act 1985S
2(1)The Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Scotland) Act 1985 is amended as follows.S
(2)In section 7(2) (interpretation of sections 4 to 6), in the definition of “agricultural lease”, for “or a limited duration tenancy” substitute “ , a limited duration tenancy, a modern limited duration tenancy or a repairing tenancy ”.
Commencement Information
I3Sch. 2 para. 2 in force at 30.11.2017 by S.S.I. 2017/299, reg. 2, sch. (with reg. 8) (as amended by S.S.I. 2017/370, regs. 1, 3, 4)
1991 ActS
3(1)The 1991 Act is amended as follows.S
(2)In section 21(1) (notice to quit and notice of intention to quit), for “2” substitute “ 2A ”.
Commencement Information
I4Sch. 2 para. 3 in force at 30.11.2017 by S.S.I. 2017/299, reg. 2, sch.
Crofters (Scotland) Act 1993S
4(1)The Crofters (Scotland) Act 1993 is amended as follows.S
(2)In section 3A (new crofts), in subsection (9)(a)(ii), for “or limited duration tenancy” substitute “ , limited duration tenancy, modern limited duration tenancy or repairing tenancy ”.
(3)In section 29 (miscellaneous provisions regarding subleases of crofts), in subsection (1)(b), for “or a limited duration tenancy” substitute “ , a limited duration tenancy, a modern limited duration tenancy or a repairing tenancy ”.
(4)In section 29B (status of tenant under a short lease), in paragraph (b)—
(a)“or” immediately after sub-paragraph (ii) is repealed,
(b)after sub-paragraph (iii) insert––
“(iv)a modern limited duration tenancy within the meaning of that Act, or
(v)a repairing tenancy within the meaning of that Act.”.
Commencement Information
I5Sch. 2 para. 4 in force at 30.11.2017 by S.S.I. 2017/299, reg. 2, sch. (with reg. 9) (as amended by S.S.I. 2017/370, regs. 1, 3, 4)
Children (Scotland) Act 1995S
5(1)The Children (Scotland) Act 1995 is amended as follows.S
(2)In section 76 (exclusion orders), in subsection (11)(a), for “or a limited duration tenancy” substitute “ , a limited duration tenancy, a modern limited duration tenancy or a repairing tenancy ”.
Commencement Information
I6Sch. 2 para. 5 in force at 30.11.2017 by S.S.I. 2017/299, reg. 2, sch. (with reg. 10) (as amended by S.S.I. 2017/370, regs. 1, 3, 4)
Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997S
6(1)The Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997 is amended as follows.S
(2)In section 35 (notice etc. of applications to owners and agricultural tenant), in subsection (7), in the definition of “agricultural land”, for “or a limited duration tenancy” substitute “ , a limited duration tenancy, a modern limited duration tenancy or a repairing tenancy ”.
Commencement Information
I7Sch. 2 para. 6 in force at 30.11.2017 by S.S.I. 2017/299, reg. 2, sch. (with reg. 11) (as amended by S.S.I. 2017/370, regs. 1, 3, 4)
2003 ActS
7(1)The 2003 Act is amended as follows.S
(2)The italic heading before section 6 becomes “ New types of tenancy: general provision ”.
(3)In section 10 (increase in rent: landlord's improvements), in subsection (1), after “tenancy” insert “ , a modern limited duration tenancy or a repairing tenancy ”.
(4)In section 11 (variation of rent by Land Court)—
(a)after “tenancy” insert “ , a modern limited duration tenancy or a repairing tenancy ”,
(b)for “or 16” substitute “ , 16, 16A or 16B ”.
(5)In section 12 (right of tenant to withhold rent), in subsection (1)(b), for “or a limited duration tenancy” substitute “ , a limited duration tenancy, a modern limited duration tenancy or a repairing tenancy ”.
(6)In section 13 (written leases and the revision of certain leases)—
(a)in subsection (1)—
(i)for “or a limited duration tenancy” substitute “ , a limited duration tenancy, a modern limited duration tenancy or a repairing tenancy ”,
(ii)in paragraph (b)(ii), after “Act)” insert “ , section 16A or, as the case may be, section 16B ”,
(b)in subsection (2)(b), after “16” insert “ , 16A or, as the case may be, 16B ”,
(c)in subsection (4)(a), after “Act)” insert “ , section 16A or, as the case may be, section 16B, ”,
(d)in subsection (5), after “16” insert “ , 16A or, as the case may be, 16B ”.
(7)In section 14 (freedom of cropping and disposal of produce), for “and limited duration tenancies” substitute “ , limited duration tenancies, modern limited duration tenancies and repairing tenancies ”.
(8)In section 15 (permanent pasture), for “and limited duration tenancies” substitute “ , limited duration tenancies, modern limited duration tenancies and repairing tenancies ”.
(9)In section 17 (resumption of land by landlord), in subsection (1)—
(a)for “or a limited duration tenancy” substitute “ , a limited duration tenancy or a modern limited duration tenancy ”,
(b)in sub-paragraph (ii), after “tenancy” insert “ or a modern limited duration tenancy ”.
(10)In section 19 (resumption and irritancy: supplementary)––
(a)for “or a limited duration tenancy” substitute “ , a limited duration tenancy, a modern limited duration tenancy or a repairing tenancy ”,
(b)in paragraph (a), after “17” insert “ or 17A ”.
(11)In section 22 (right of landlord to object to acquirer of tenancy)—
(a)in subsection (1), for “or a limited duration tenancy” substitute “ , a limited duration tenancy, a modern limited duration tenancy or a repairing tenancy ”,
(b)in subsection (3), for “or a limited duration tenancy” substitute “ , a limited duration tenancy, a modern limited duration tenancy or a repairing tenancy ”.
(12)In section 23 (effect of termination of tenancy where tenant deceased), for “or a limited duration tenancy” substitute “ , a limited duration tenancy, a modern limited duration tenancy or a repairing tenancy ”.
(13)In section 39 (use of land for non-agricultural purposes), in subsection (1)—
(a)“or” immediately after paragraph (a) is repealed,
(b)after paragraph (b) insert––
“(c)tenancy under a lease constituting a modern limited duration tenancy, or
(d)tenancy under a lease constituting a repairing tenancy,”.
(14)In section 42 (tenant's right to timber), in subsection (1)—
(a)“or” immediately after paragraph (a) is repealed,
(b)after paragraph (b) insert––
“(c)a modern limited duration tenancy, or
(d)a repairing tenancy,”.
(15)The italic heading before section 45 becomes “ New types of tenancy ”.
(16)In section 45 (right to compensation for improvements)—
(a)in subsection (1), for “or a limited duration tenancy” substitute “ , a limited duration tenancy or a modern limited duration tenancy ”,
(b)after subsection (4) insert—
“(5)Nothing in any order made under section 73 of the 1991 Act which varies the provisions of schedule 5 to that Act affects the right of a tenant of a short limited duration tenancy, a limited duration tenancy or a modern limited duration tenancy to claim, in respect of an improvement made or begun before the date on which such order comes into force, any compensation to which, but for the making of the order, the tenant would have been entitled.”.
(17)In section 46 (payment of compensation by incoming tenant), for “or a limited duration tenancy” substitute “ , a limited duration tenancy or a modern limited duration tenancy ”.
(18)The italic heading before section 52 becomes “ New types of tenancy ”.
(19)In section 52 (compensation for disturbance)—
(a)in subsection (1)(b), for “or a limited duration tenancy” substitute “ , a limited duration tenancy or a modern limited duration tenancy ”,
(b)in subsection (2)(b)(i), for “or limited duration tenancy” substitute “ , limited duration tenancy or modern limited duration tenancy ”.
(20)In section 53 (compensation for other particular things)––
(a)in subsection (1)—
(i)for “and limited duration tenancies” substitute “ , limited duration tenancies and modern limited duration tenancies ”,
(ii)in paragraph (b), after “16” insert “ or 16A ”,
(b)in subsection (2), after first “tenancies” insert “ and to modern limited duration tenancies ”,
(c)in subsection (3), for “and limited duration tenancies” substitute “ , limited duration tenancies and modern limited duration tenancies ”.
(21)In section 54 (compensation where compulsory acquisition of land), in subsection (1), for “or limited duration tenancy” substitute “ , a limited duration tenancy or a modern limited duration tenancy ”.
(22)In section 55 (right to compensation for yielding vacant possession)—
(a)in subsection (1)—
(i)“and” immediately after paragraph (a) is repealed,
(ii)after paragraph (b) insert “, and
(c)a modern limited duration tenancy.”,
(b)in subsection (8)(a), after second “tenancy” insert “ or a modern limited duration tenancy ”.
(23)In section 56 (no right to penal rent etc.), for “or limited duration tenancy” substitute “ , a limited duration tenancy or a modern limited duration tenancy ”.
(24)In section 57 (provision as to parts of land and divided land)—
(a)in subsection (1), for “or a limited duration tenancy” substitute “ , a limited duration tenancy or a modern limited duration tenancy ”,
(b)in subsection (3), for “or a limited duration tenancy” substitute “ , a limited duration tenancy or a modern limited duration tenancy ”.
(25)In section 59 (extent to which compensation recoverable under agreements)—
(a)in subsection (1), for “or a limited duration tenancy” substitute “ , a limited duration tenancy or a modern limited duration tenancy ”,
(b)in subsection (3), for “or a limited duration tenancy” substitute “ , a limited duration tenancy or a modern limited duration tenancy ”.
(26)In section 70 (rights of certain persons where tenant is a partnership), in subsection (1)(b), for “or a limited duration tenancy” substitute “ , a limited duration tenancy, a modern limited duration tenancy or a repairing tenancy ”.
(27)In section 77 (resolution of disputes by Land Court)—
(a)in subsection (2)(a)—
(i)“or” immediately after sub-paragraph (ii) is repealed,
(ii)after sub-paragraph (ii) insert—
“(iia)a modern limited duration tenancy, or
(iib)a repairing tenancy,”,
(b)in subsection (4)—
(i)after first “tenancy” insert “ , a modern limited duration tenancy or a repairing tenancy ”,
(ii)after “7(1)” insert “ or, as the case may be, 7B(1), 7D(1) or 7D(7) ”.
(28)In section 81 (clauses in leases as to resolution of disputes), in paragraph (a), after second “tenancy” insert “ , a modern limited duration tenancy, a repairing tenancy ”.
(29)In section 92 (ancillary provision), in subsection (2), for “and limited duration tenancies” substitute “ , limited duration tenancies, modern limited duration tenancies and repairing tenancies ”.
(30)In section 93 (interpretation)—
(a)for the definition of “limited duration tenancy” substitute—
““limited duration tenancy” means a tenancy—
(a)created by virtue of section 5(1), or
(b)converted by virtue of section 5(2), (3) or (4),
before the repeal of that section by section 85(2) of the Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2016,
“modern limited duration tenancy” is to be construed in accordance with section 5A,”,
(b)after the definition of “the Parliament” insert—
““repairing tenancy” is to be construed in accordance with section 5C,”.
Commencement Information
I8Sch. 2 para. 7(1) in force at 23.12.2016 for specified purposes by S.S.I. 2016/365, reg. 2, sch. (with regs. 3-15)
I9Sch. 2 para. 7(1) in force at 30.11.2017 for specified purposes by S.S.I. 2017/299, reg. 2, sch.
I10Sch. 2 para. 7(2)-(15) in force at 30.11.2017 by S.S.I. 2017/299, reg. 2, sch. (with reg. 12) (as amended by S.S.I. 2017/370, regs. 1, 3, 4)
I11Sch. 2 para. 7(16)(a) in force at 30.11.2017 by S.S.I. 2017/299, reg. 2, sch.
I12Sch. 2 para. 7(16)(b) in force at 23.12.2016 by S.S.I. 2016/365, reg. 2, sch. (with regs. 3-15)
I13Sch. 2 para. 7(17)-(28) in force at 30.11.2017 by S.S.I. 2017/299, reg. 2, sch. (with reg. 12) (as amended by S.S.I. 2017/370, regs. 1, 3, 4)
I14Sch. 2 para. 7(29)(30)(b) in force at 23.12.2016 for specified purposes by S.S.I. 2016/365, reg. 2, sch. (with regs. 3-15)
I15Sch. 2 para. 7(30)(a) in force at 30.11.2017 by S.S.I. 2017/299, reg. 2, sch.
Antisocial Behaviour etc. (Scotland) Act 2004S
8(1)The Antisocial Behaviour etc. (Scotland) Act 2004 is amended as follows.S
(2)In section 83 (registration of certain landlords: application for registration), in subsection (6)(f)(i), for “or limited duration tenancy” substitute “ , limited duration tenancy, modern limited duration tenancy or repairing tenancy ”.
Commencement Information
I16Sch. 2 para. 8 in force at 30.11.2017 by S.S.I. 2017/299, reg. 2, sch. (with reg. 13) (as amended by S.S.I. 2017/370, regs. 1, 3, 4)
Housing (Scotland) Act 2006S
9(1)The Housing (Scotland) Act 2006 is amended as follows.S
(2)In section 12 (tenancies to which repairing standard duty applies), in subsection (1)—
(a)“or” immediately after paragraph (c)(i)(B) is repealed,
(b)after paragraph (c)(i)(C) insert––
“(D)a modern limited duration tenancy (within the meaning of that Act), or
(E)a repairing tenancy (within the meaning of that Act),”.
Commencement Information
I17Sch. 2 para. 9 in force at 30.11.2017 by S.S.I. 2017/299, reg. 2, sch. (with reg. 14) (as amended by S.S.I. 2017/370, regs. 1, 3, 4)
Prospective
PART 2 SSale where landlord in breach
2003 ActS
10(1)The 2003 Act is amended as follows.S
(2)In section 32 (tenant's right to buy: procedure for buying), in subsection (6)(b), “if the tenant has not so concluded missives,” is repealed.
(3)In section 84 (power of Land Court to grant remedies etc.), in subsection (2), “in respect of fixed equipment” is repealed.
Prospective
PART 3 SRent reviews
1991 ActS
11(1)The 1991 Act is amended as follows.S
(2)In section 5 (fixed equipment and insurance premiums), in subsection (4B)(b), for “section 13” substitute “ paragraph 7 of schedule 1A ”.
(3)In schedule 8 (supplementary provisions with respect to payments under section 56)—
(a)in paragraph 2(a)—
(i)“13 or” is repealed,
(ii)after “Act” insert “ or paragraph 7 of schedule 1A ”,
(b)in paragraph 3—
(i)in paragraph (a)(i), for “section 13 of this Act” substitute “ paragraph 7 of schedule 1A ”,
(ii)for “the said section 13” substitute “ paragraph 7(2) to (4) of schedule 1A ”,
(c)in paragraph 4, for “section 13(1) of this Act shall have effect as if for the reference therein to the next ensuing day” substitute “ paragraph 7(2) of schedule 1A is to have effect as if for the reference to the effective date ”.
2003 ActS
12(1)The 2003 Act is amended as follows.S
(2)In section 54 (compensation where compulsory acquisition of land), in subsection (6)(b)—
(a)for “sections 13 and 15 of that Act” substitute “ paragraph 7 of schedule 1A and section 15 of that Act ”,
(b)for “sections 9 and 10” substitute “ sections 9B and 10 ”.
(3)Section 63 (variation of rent) is repealed.
(4)In the schedule, paragraph 15 is repealed.
Agricultural Holdings (Amendment) (Scotland) Act 2012S
13(1)The Agricultural Holdings (Amendment) (Scotland) Act 2012 is amended as follows.S
(2)Section 3 (effect of VAT changes on determination of rent) is repealed.
PART 4 SAssignation and succession
Succession (Scotland) Act 1964S
14(1)The Succession (Scotland) Act 1964 is amended as follows.S
(2)In section 16 (provisions relating to leases)—
(a)in subsection (2)(c), for “section 11” substitute “ section 12A or 12B ”,
(b)in subsection (2A)(b), after “other than” insert “ the lease of a 1991 Act tenancy or ”,
(c)in subsection (3)(b)(i)—
(i)for “or an application to that court under section 11 of the 1991 Act” substitute “ , an application under section 12A of the 1991 Act or an appeal under section 12B of that Act to that court ”,
(ii)for “or, as the case may be, the application” substitute “ , the application or, as the case may be, the appeal ”,
(d)in subsection (8), for “, or, as the case may be, section 11(2) to (8) of the 1991 Act, or, as the case may be,” substitute “ , sections 11(8), 12A and 12B of the 1991 Act, ”.
(3)In section 29 (right of tenant to bequeath interest under lease), in subsection (2), for “section 11” substitute “ sections 11 or 12A to 12C ”.
Commencement Information
I18Sch. 2 para. 14 in force at 23.12.2016 by S.S.I. 2016/365, reg. 2, sch. (with regs. 3-15)
1991 ActS
15(1)The 1991 Act is amended as follows.S
(2)In section 22 (restrictions on operation of notices to quit)—
(a)in subsection (1), “and to section 25 of this Act” is repealed,
(b)in subsection (2), paragraph (g) is repealed.
(3)In section 24 (consents for the purposes of section 22)—
(a)in subsection (1), “and to section 25(3) of this Act” is repealed,
(b)in subsection (3), “(subject to section 25(4) of this Act)” is repealed.
(4)In section 55 (additional payments to tenants quitting holdings: supplementary provision)—
(a)in subsection (1), paragraph (c) is repealed,
(b)in subsection (2), in paragraph (b), “or, where the tenant has succeeded to the tenancy as the near relative of a deceased tenant, as to the matter referred to in any of Cases 1, 3, 5 and 7 in Schedule 2 to this Act” is repealed,
(c)in subsection (6)—
(i)for “by virtue of a notice to quit” substitute “ under section 12B ”,
(ii)paragraph (a) is repealed,
(iii)in paragraph (c), for “notice” substitute “ counter-notice under section 12B(2) ”.
(5)Schedule 2 (grounds for consent to operation of notices to quit a tenancy where section 25(3) applies) is repealed.
Commencement Information
I19Sch. 2 para. 15 in force at 23.12.2016 by S.S.I. 2016/365, reg. 2, sch. (with regs. 3-15)
2003 ActS
16(1)The 2003 Act is amended as follows.S
(2)In section 21 (bequest of lease), for subsection (2) substitute—
“(2)Sections 11(2) and (3), 12A, 12B and 12C(1) and (2) of the 1991 Act apply in relation to subsection (1) as they do in relation to section 11(1), subject to the following modifications—
(a)in section 11(2), the words “of a holding” and “of the holding” are omitted,
(b)in section 12A, in subsections (3)(b) and (c) and (4)(b), for “holding” substitute “ land comprised in the lease ”,
(c)in section 12C, in subsection (1), for “holding” substitute “ land comprised in the lease ”.”.
(3)In section 22 (right of landlord to object to acquirer of tenancy), for subsection (2) substitute—
“(2)Sections 12A, 12B and 12C(1), (2) and (5) of the 1991 Act apply in relation to subsection (1) as they do in relation to section 12(1), subject to the following modifications—
(a)in section 12A—
(i)in subsection (2), the reference to notice given under section 12(1) is to be read as a reference to notice given under subsection (1),
(ii)in subsections (3)(b) and (c) and (4)(b), for “holding” substitute “ land comprised in the lease ”,
(b)in section 12B(2), the reference to notice given under section 12(1) is to be read as a reference to notice given under subsection (1),
(c)in section 12C, in subsection (1), for “holding” substitute “ land comprised in the lease ”.”.
Commencement Information
I20Sch. 2 para. 16 in force at 23.12.2016 by S.S.I. 2016/365, reg. 2, sch. (with regs. 3-15)
Agricultural Holdings (Amendment) (Scotland) Act 2012S
17(1)The Agricultural Holdings (Amendment) (Scotland) Act 2012 is amended as follows.S
(2)Section 1 (succession by near relatives) is repealed.
Commencement Information
I21Sch. 2 para. 17 in force at 23.12.2016 by S.S.I. 2016/365, reg. 2, sch. (with regs. 3-15)
PART 5 SGeneral modifications
1991 ActS
18(1)The 1991 Act is amended as follows.S
(2)The title of section 10A becomes “ Assignation of tenancy ”.
Commencement Information
I22Sch. 2 para. 18 in force at 23.12.2016 by S.S.I. 2016/365, reg. 2, sch. (with regs. 3-15)
2003 ActS
19(1)The 2003 Act is amended as follows.S
(2)In section 91 (orders and regulations)—
(a)in subsection (3)(a), “, 25(7)” is repealed,
(b)in subsection (3)(b)—
(i)after “section” insert “ 5B(3), 9A(3), ”,
(ii)for “25(3) or 26(2)” substitute “ 18A(4)(b)(ii), 26(2), 38A(4)(c), 38B(6)(e), 38L(4)(c) or 38P(2) ”,
(c)in subsection (4)(b)—
(i)after “section” insert “ 9B(3), 9C(6), ”,
(ii)after “36(7)” insert “ , 38C(1), 38D(4), 38M(1), 38O(4), 59A ”,
(iii)for “or 74,” substitute “ , 74 or 74A, ”.
Commencement Information
I23Sch. 2 para. 19 in force at 23.12.2016 by S.S.I. 2016/365, reg. 2, sch. (with regs. 3-15)