422.This section raises the age of automatic entitlement to standard special measures when giving evidence in human trafficking cases from up to age 16 to up to age 18. The special measures are those listed in sections 271H of the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995. Human trafficking cases means offences committed under section 22 of the Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 2003 (Traffic in prostitution etc) or section 4 of the Asylum and Immigration (Treatment of Claimants etc) Act 2004 (trafficking people for exploitation). All witnesses (in human trafficking cases or otherwise) can be considered on application for further (non-standard) special measures.