Part 9

Rights of entry

Rights of entry: general
181
1
Any person authorised by a local authority is entitled to enter—
a
any land or premises for the purposes of enabling or assisting the local authority to decide whether any part of its area should be designated as an HRA,
b
any premises for the purposes of enabling or assisting the local authority to decide whether—
i
to serve a work notice or demolition notice,
ii
any such notice has been complied with, or
iii
to grant a certificate under section 60 in relation to work required by a work notice,
c
any premises which the local authority is required or authorised by Part 1 to carry out work in or to demolish, for the purposes of doing so,
d
any premises for the purposes of enabling the local authority to—
i
decide whether to make a maintenance order,
ii
consider or devise a maintenance plan,
iii
decide whether a maintenance plan has been implemented, or
iv
do anything which the local authority is authorised by section 48(2) or 49(1) to do,
e
any living accommodation for the purposes of enabling or assisting the local authority to decide whether—
i
the living accommodation is an HMO which requires to be licensed under Part 5,
ii
to grant, vary or revoke an HMO licence in relation to the living accommodation,
iii
a condition included in an HMO licence has been breached,
iv
any person has failed to comply with a requirement made by a temporary exemption order,
v
any person has failed to comply with a requirement made under section 145(2),
vi
to serve an HMO amenity notice,
vii
an HMO amenity notice has been complied with,
viii
to grant a certificate under paragraph 7 of schedule 5 in relation to work required by an HMO amenity notice.
1A
Any person authorised by a third party applicant is entitled to enter any house in respect of which an application under section 22 may be made for the purposes of enabling or assisting the third party applicant to decide whether to make an application under section 22(1A).
2
A member of the First-tier Tribunal , and any person authorised by any such member, is entitled to enter any house in respect of which an application under section 22(1) or (1A) has been referred to the First-tier Tribunal for the purposes of enabling or assisting the First-tier Tribunal to—
a
determine the application under section 24(1),
b
decide whether the landlord has complied with, or is likely to comply with, any repairing standard enforcement order made by the First-tier Tribunal in pursuance of that application, or
c
decide whether to grant a certificate under section 60 in relation to the work required by any such order.
2A
A member of the
First-tier Tribunal
, and any other person authorised by any such member, is entitled to enter any house in respect of which a decision has been made under section 28A(3) to assist the landlord's exercise of the landlord's right of entry under subsection (4) of this section for the purpose of enabling the landlord to exercise such right of entry.
3
The owner of any premises, or any person authorised by the owner, is entitled to enter the premises for the purposes of—
a
carrying out work required by a work notice or an HMO amenity notice,
b
carrying out a demolition required by a demolition notice, or
c
implementing a maintenance plan.
4
A landlord in a tenancy to which Chapter 4 of Part 1 applies, or any person authorised by the landlord, is entitled to enter the house concerned for the purpose of—
a
viewing its state and condition for the purpose of determining whether the house meets the repairing standard, or
b
carrying out any work necessary to comply with the duty in section 14(1)(b) or a repairing standard enforcement order.
5
An authorisation under subsection (1) to (4) must state the particular purpose or purposes for which the entry is authorised.
6
Any person who inspects a house in exercise of a right conferred by subsection (2) must provide the First-tier Tribunal with a report of that inspection.

Warrants authorising entry
182
1
A sheriff or a justice of the peace may by warrant authorise any person entitled to exercise a right conferred by subsection (1) , (1A) , (2) or (2A) of section 181 to do so, if necessary using reasonable force, in accordance with the warrant.
2
A warrant may be granted under subsection (1) only if the sheriff or justice is satisfied, by evidence on oath—
a
that there are reasonable grounds for the exercise of the right in relation to the land or premises concerned, and
b
that—
i
the exercise of the right in relation to the land or premises has been refused,
ii
such a refusal is reasonably expected,
iii
the land is, or premises are, unoccupied,
iv
the occupier is temporarily absent,
v
the case is one of urgency, or
vi
that an application for admission would defeat the object of the proposed entry.
3
A sheriff or justice may not be satisfied that a condition specified in any of heads (ii) to (iv) of subsection (2)(b) is met unless the sheriff or justice is also satisfied that notice of intention to apply for a warrant has been given to the occupier of the land or premises concerned.
3A
In relation to an application for a warrant under section 181(1A), the reference to the occupier in subsection (3) is to be read as including the tenant, the landlord and any known agent of the landlord.

Rights of entry: constables
183
1
A constable who suspects with reasonable cause that any person is committing or has committed an offence under section 28, 39 or 154 may, at any reasonable time, enter any land or premises for the purpose of obtaining evidence of the offence.
2
A sheriff or a justice of the peace may by warrant authorise a constable authorised to exercise the power conferred by subsection (1) to do so, if necessary using reasonable force, in accordance with the warrant.
3
A warrant may be granted under subsection (2) only if the sheriff or justice is satisfied, by evidence on oath, that there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that an offence under section 28, 39 or, as the case may be, 154 is being or has been committed in relation to the land or premises concerned.

Rights of entry: supplemental
184
1
A right to enter any land or premises conferred by or under this Part includes a right to enter for the same purpose—
a
in the case of land, any land adjacent to it, and
b
in the case of any part of any premises, any land adjacent to that part and any other part of those premises.
2
Any person who enters any land or premises in exercise of a right conferred by or under this Part is entitled to—
a
survey and examine the land or premises, and
b
do anything else which is reasonably required in order to fulfil the purpose for which entry is taken.
3
A right to enter any land or premises conferred by or under this Part may be exercised only at a reasonable time.
4
The occupants of the land or premises concerned must be given at least 24 hours' notice before any person exercises any such right in relation to it unless—
a
the situation is urgent, or
b
the person entitled to exercise the power considers that giving such notice would defeat the object of the proposed entry.
4A
In relation to the exercise of the right conferred by section 181(1A), the reference to occupants in subsection (4) is to be read as including the tenant, the landlord and any known agent of the landlord.
5
A person authorised to exercise any right conferred by or under this Part must, if required to do so, produce written evidence of that authorisation.
6
Subsection (5) does not apply to a constable in uniform seeking to exercise a right without warrant.
7
A right conferred by this section applies despite any term to the contrary in any tenancy, occupancy arrangement or other agreement.
8
Any person who enters any land or premises in exercise of a right conferred by or under this Part—
a
is entitled, subject in the case of a right exercisable under a warrant to the terms of the warrant, to take on to the land or into the premises—
i
such other persons, and
ii
such equipment,
as may be reasonably required for the purposes of assisting that person,
b
must leave the land or premises as effectually secured against unauthorised entry as that person found it, and
c
must compensate any other person who has sustained damage as a result of—
i
the exercise of the right or power, or
ii
any failure to comply with paragraph (b),
unless the damage is attributable to the fault of the person who sustained it.
9
Any question of disputed compensation under subsection (8)(c) is to be determined by arbitration; and, where there is no agreement as to who is to be appointed as arbiter, as to the procedure to be followed at the arbitration or as to the defraying of related expenses, the Scottish Ministers must appoint an arbiter, specify the procedure or, as the case may be, determine liability for expenses.
10
A warrant granted under section 182 or 183 continues in force until the purpose for which the warrant was issued has been fulfilled or, if earlier, the expiry of such period as the warrant may specify.
11
Any person who, without reasonable excuse, prevents or obstructs any other person from doing anything which is authorised by a warrant granted under section 182 or 183 is guilty of an offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale.
S. 181 partly in force; s. 181 not in force at Royal Assent see s. 195(3); s. 181(1)(c)(5) in force at 4.12.2006 see S.S.I. 2006/569, art. 2; s. 181(2)(4)(6) in force at 3.9.2007 by S.S.I. 2007/270, {art. 3 Table}
S. 181(1)(a)(b)(d)(e)(3) in force at 1.4.2009 by S.S.I. 2009/122, art. 3
S. 181(1A) inserted (1.12.2015) by Housing (Scotland) Act 2014 (asp 14), ss. 25(6)(a), 104(3); S.S.I. 2015/349, art. 3, sch.
Words in s. 181(2) substituted (1.12.2015) by Housing (Scotland) Act 2014 (asp 14), ss. 25(6)(b), 104(3); S.S.I. 2015/349, art. 3, Sch.
S. 181(2A) inserted (1.12.2015) by Private Rented Housing (Scotland) Act 2011 (asp 14), ss. 35(6), 41(3); S.S.I. 2015/326, art. 2(3)
Word in s. 182(1) inserted (1.12.2015) by Housing (Scotland) Act 2014 (asp 14), ss. 25(7)(a), 104(3); S.S.I. 2015/349, art. 3, sch.
Words in s. 182(1) substituted (1.12.2015) by Private Rented Housing (Scotland) Act 2011 (asp 14), ss. 35(7), 41(3); S.S.I. 2015/326, art. 2(3)
S. 182(3A) inserted (1.12.2015) by Housing (Scotland) Act 2014 (asp 14), ss. 25(7)(b), 104(3); S.S.I. 2015/349, art. 3, sch.
S. 184(4A) inserted (1.12.2015) by Housing (Scotland) Act 2014 (asp 14), ss. 25(8), 104(3); S.S.I. 2015/349, art. 3, Sch.
Words in s. 181(2) substituted (1.12.2016) by The First-tier Tribunal for Scotland (Transfer of Functions of the Private Rented Housing Committees) Regulations 2016 (S.S.I. 2016/337), reg. 1(2), sch. 2 para. 6(18)(a)(i) (with sch. 1)
Words in s. 181(2) substituted (1.12.2016) by The First-tier Tribunal for Scotland (Transfer of Functions of the Private Rented Housing Committees) Regulations 2016 (S.S.I. 2016/337), reg. 1(2), sch. 2 para. 6(18)(a)(ii) (with sch. 1)
Words in s. 181(6) substituted (1.12.2016) by The First-tier Tribunal for Scotland (Transfer of Functions of the Private Rented Housing Committees) Regulations 2016 (S.S.I. 2016/337), reg. 1(2), sch. 2 para. 6(18)(b) (with sch. 1)
Words in s. 181(2A) substituted (1.12.2016) by The First-tier Tribunal for Scotland (Transfer of Functions of the Private Rented Housing Panel) Regulations 2016 (S.S.I. 2016/338), reg. 1(2), sch. 2 para. 2(16) (with sch. 1 para. 5)