The Act – Section by Section
Part 1 - Further and Higher Education Etc.
Establishment of the Scottish Further and Higher Education Funding Council
Section 1 Scottish Further and Higher Education Funding Council
7.This section creates the Scottish Further and Higher Education Funding Council (“the Council”) which will replace the Scottish Further Education Funding Council and the Scottish Higher Education Funding Council.
Section 2 Dissolution of other funding bodies
8.This section allows for the dissolution of the Scottish Further Education Funding Council and the Scottish Higher Education Funding Council.
Provision of further and higher education, etc.
Section 3 The Council: general duty
9.This section sets out the primary duty on the new Council, which will be to exercise its functions to secure the coherent provision by fundable bodies (as a whole) of high quality fundable further education and fundable higher education (as these terms are defined in the Act). This section also gives the Council a duty to exercise its functions to secure the undertaking of research among the fundable bodies, as these are defined in the Act.
Section 4 The Scottish Ministers: general duty
10.The Scottish Ministers will be required to provide support for further and higher education, primarily by making grants to the Council but also through such other means as they determine, financial and non-financial. A recent example of an activity which might in future fall under this power to support through other means is the hosting of an international seminar as part of the Bologna process for higher education reform in Europe.
Section 5 Fundable further and higher education
11.This provides definitions of fundable further and higher education for the purposes of this Act, updating where necessary to reflect changes to some school qualifications. The definitions in the Act therefore differ from those for ‘further education’ and ‘higher education’ in the 1992 Act, (which remain for the purposes of that Act and references elsewhere to them).
Section 6 Fundable Bodies
12.This refers to Schedule 2 which lists the fundable bodies. All institutions currently funded by the Scottish Further Education Funding Council or the Scottish Higher Education Funding Council will become fundable bodies once the new Council is created.
Section 7 Fundable Bodies: further provision
13.The listing of bodies in schedule 2 can only be modified by Order of the Scottish Ministers following a recommendation, or approval of, the Council. This section outlines the criteria that the Council must have regard to the desirability of ensuring are met, before the Council recommends or approves that a new body is added to, or removed from, the list of fundable bodies in schedule 2. These criteria include various provisions, procedures and arrangements.
14.When proposing or approving a modification to the effect that any new fundable body should be added to schedule 2 by such an order, subsection (3) requires the Council to recommend to Ministers whether, and to what extent, the new body should come under the remit of the Scottish Public Services Ombudsman.
15.The matters which the Council must have regard to do not apply where the modification of schedule 2 is required by reason of a change of name of, or closure of, a fundable body (subsection (5)).
Section 8 Support needs
16.This section defines the term ‘support needs’ for the purposes of the Act. The need for support is linked to a person’s ability to access and participate in fundable further or fundable higher education, as compared with other people of the same age group. Students experience barriers in accessing and participating in learning for many reasons, and may therefore require support. Such a barrier may arise from factors relating to, for example, social, cognitive, emotional, psychological, linguistic, disability (physical or mental), ethnicity or family and care circumstances. These support needs may range from those needs that are relatively mild and temporary through to those that are complex and more enduring. But a support need may not arise solely due to the matters set out in subsection (3).
Funding of further and higher education etc.
Section 9 Funding of the Council
17.This section defines the funding that Scottish Ministers can provide to the Council. Ministers have discretion to impose terms and conditions on funding. Subsections (3) to (9) set out particular matters to which the terms and conditions may relate. Subsections (3), (5) to (10), and (13) to (17) describe the way in which Ministers may use conditions of grant to control tuition fee levels. This section will allow Ministers, as part of the terms and conditions on the Council, to require the Council to secure that a set fee is paid by specified persons to fundable bodies if attending specified courses or programmes. Ministers will set the fee level by subordinate legislation, which is subject to the affirmative procedure and a duty to consult certain persons (as set out in subsections (13) to (16)).
18.Subsections (5) to (7) are excluded from subsection (12) which prevents Ministers from framing terms and conditions around the allocation of funding in reference to particular programmes of learning, courses of education or research. Subsection (12) follows the similar terms of section 42(3) of the 1992 Act in regard to Scottish Higher Education Funding Council, and extends this element of academic freedom from higher education institutions to all fundable bodies.
Section 10 Additional grants
19.This section allows Ministers to make additional grants to the Council for specific purposes, for example, to explore collaboration and restructuring of provision and, in limited circumstances, to specify to which fundable bodies these grants should be made.
Section 11 Administration of funds
20.Section 10 sets out the purposes for which the Council can administer its funds.
Section 12 Funding of fundable bodies
21.This section sets out the terms and conditions under which the Council can make grants to fundable bodies for the provision of fundable further and higher education and the undertaking of research. This section also allows the Council to allocate funds to fundable bodies, or other persons to support these activities. Subsection (3) sets out conditions that may be imposed in relation to recovery of grant. Subsection (4) directs that terms and conditions may only be imposed in relation to the application by the fundable body of sums derived from the Scottish Ministers.
22.This includes the requirement for the Council to consult with the fundable body (unless it is not expedient to do so), and if it considers appropriate, such persons as represent fundable bodies, before framing terms or conditions of grant (subsection (5)). When allocating its funds, subsection (6) sets out the requirement for the Council to have regard to encouraging fundable bodies to maintain and develop funding from other sources, and to preserve the distinctive characteristics of particular fundable bodies.
The Council: functions
Section 13 Quality of fundable further and higher education
23.This section puts a duty on the Council to secure provision for the assessment and enhancement of quality in the activities it funds. This extends the existing duty to assess quality in higher education institutions to cover colleges and introduces a new statutory duty to enhance quality for both sectors.
24.Quality is assessed in colleges by Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Education and in higher education institutions by the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education.
Section 14 Credit and qualification framework
25.This section places a duty on the Council to promote a credit and qualification framework for use by the fundable bodies. This section is linked to the provision made in section 7(2)(f) which will require all fundable bodies to make use of whichever framework the Council promotes.
26.It is not intended that the Council will be responsible for devising or implementing such a framework, but that it should take account of the view of Ministers, and consult with fundable bodies and other representatives to adopt the framework which is most relevant.
Section 15 Efficiency studies
27.This extends the provision in section 51 of the 1992 Act which gave the Scottish Higher Education Funding Council the power to carry out or commission efficiency studies, to the new Council, to cover all fundable bodies.
Section 16 Council’s right to address meetings
28.This is a new section which will give the Council a power to attend any meeting of the governing body of a fundable body where the Council has concerns over any aspect relating to funding provided by the Council, and address the meeting on these matters.
Section 17 Advisory functions
29.Section 17 provides for the duty on the Council to provide information, advice and assistance to Ministers, as they require. This has been extended from existing provisions for Scottish Higher Education Funding Council and Scottish Further Education Funding Council, in sections 8 and 43 of the 1992 Act.
Section 18 Functions regarding certain property
30.This extends existing provisions for the Scottish Higher Education Funding Council from section 43 of the 1992 Act, to all fundable bodies. This allows Ministers to delegate their functions in respect of rights which Ministers may have in land and property that is used or held for the purposes of a fundable body, to the Council.
Section 19 Administration of certain support
31.The Scottish Further Education Funding Council currently allocates money to colleges for them to allocate to students as student support. This section makes further provision as to the powers under which Ministers and the Council are able to do this.
32.This section amends the Education (Scotland) Act 1980, (“the 1980 Act”) by inserting a new section 73ZA to permit the Scottish Ministers to direct the Council or any other body or person to administer forms of student support, where such support is granted under section 73(a), (c) or (f) of the 1980 Act. (These sections provide for the powers of the Scottish Ministers, in accordance with regulations, to pay grants to education authorities or the managers of education establishments, and for the payment of allowances or loans to persons undertaking courses of education.) This section also amends section 73A of the 1980 Act to allow the delegation of Ministers’ functions under section 73(a) and (c) of the 1980 Act. These provisions will apply only insofar as relating to support for students undertaking or who have undertaken courses of education at fundable bodies as such bodies are defined in the Act. The purpose of this provision is to allow, through direction or delegation, the administration of forms of student support on behalf of the Scottish Ministers by the Council or other bodies or persons.
The Council: exercise of functions
Section 20 Council to have regard to particular matters
33.This section details a number of matters that the Council should have regard to in the exercise of its various functions. In particular this section requires the Council to have regard to the skills needs of Scotland, while at the same time considering wider economic, social and cultural needs, insofar as these needs can be met by the provision of fundable further or higher education.
34.It also gives the Council a duty to have regard to the desirability of achieving sustainable development and encourage fundable bodies to contribute to the achievement of sustainable development in so far as is reasonably practical for them to do so.
35.In addition, this section makes provision for the Council to take account of the fact that many fundable bodies operate in UK and often global systems and therefore their activity should not be defined only in Scottish terms.
36.Subsection (4) requires the Council to have regard to the educational and related needs (including support needs) of learners, and those who may wish to become learners, of a fundable body.
Section 21 Equal opportunities
37.This section imposes a duty on the Council to carry out its functions in a way that promotes and observes equal opportunities legislation.
Section 22 Consultation and collaboration
38.Section 22 sets out the key bodies with which the Council must work, consult and share information. It also puts a duty on these bodies to provide information as the Council reasonably requires to properly carry out its functions.
39.In addition to this, subsection (8) places a requirement on the Council to ensure that there is appropriate collaboration among the fundable bodies in relation to the provision of further and higher education. This will apply within and across both of the sectors.
Section 23 General powers
40.This section details other powers given to the Council in relation to property, contracts, borrowing money etc.
The Scottish Ministers: requirements and directions
Section 24 Requirements as to Council’s functions
41.This section allows Scottish Ministers to impose requirements of a general or specific nature on the Council. Such requirements will require an order, and cannot relate to an individual fundable body or to information, advice or assistance provided by the Council under section 17.
Section 25 Directions where financial mismanagement
42.This brings together two separate provisions from the 1992 Act which related to colleges (section 21) and higher education institutions (section 54(3)). This adopts the higher education formulation, which requires Scottish Ministers to consult with the Council and the body in question before issuing directions, and covers all fundable bodies.
Fundable bodies: miscellaneous
Section 26 Academic Freedom
43.This puts a duty on fundable bodies to have regard to the desirability of ensuring academic freedom for those involved in teaching, learning or research in relation to their appointment, or any entitlement or privileges they may enjoy. This includes the freedom (within the law) to hold and express opinions, question and test established ideas and received wisdom and present controversial or unpopular points of view.
Section 27 Remit of the Scottish Public Services Ombudsman
44.This extends the remit of the Ombudsman to include those bodies which are fundable bodies under schedule 2 of the Act, (with the exception of the Open University) and the Scottish Agricultural College (which is currently funded directly by Scottish Ministers and not through either of the existing Councils). The remit of the Ombudsman, however, does not apply to matters concerning academic judgement.
Section 28 Inspection of accounts
45.This makes provision for the Auditor General for Scotland to inspect the accounts and accounting records of any fundable body, provided this relates to a financial year in which expenditure has been funded by payments made to the Council under the powers to fund the Council in section 11 of the Act.
Section 29 Educational use of certain property
46.Subsection (1) amends section 25 of the 1992 Act to ensure that if Scottish Ministers use powers under section 25 to close a college and transfer all property, rights, liabilities or obligations to Ministers, then these must transfer to another charity and be applied for the purpose of the advancement of education.
47.Subsection (2) amends section 47 of the 1992 Act to ensure that if Scottish Ministers use powers under section 25 to close a higher education institution and transfer all property, rights, liabilities or obligations return to Ministers, then these must transfer to another charity and be applied for the purpose of the advancement of education.
Section 30 Change of name by certain bodies
48.This section amends section 3(4) of the 1992 Act so that colleges only require Ministerial consent to change name, in place of the power of Ministers to change name by order.
Section 31 Information about recorded children
49.This provides for the duty of fundable bodies to provide information to local authorities on recorded children, as required under the Education (Scotland) Act 1980. This section has been extended from section 23 of 1992 Act, and is extended from colleges to all fundable bodies.
Part 2 - General
Section 32 Amendment of enactments
50.This section refers to schedule 3, which sets out the consequential amendments which will be required as a result of this Act.
Section 33 Ancillary provision
51.This gives Ministers powers to make incidental, consequential, transitional etc. provisions, by order.
Section 34 Orders and regulations
52.This section sets out the power to make orders or regulations under the Act, and how these orders and regulations can be made.
Section 35 Interpretation
53.This section provides definitions of certain expressions used in the Act.
Section 36 Short title and commencement
54.This section gives the short title of the Act and provides for its commencement.
Schedule 1 — The Scottish Further and Higher Education Funding Council
55.This schedule sets outs further details of the status, membership and procedures of the Council. For example, it defines the membership of the Council, the provisions for appointing the chief executive and other staff, provision for committees and accounts, provision for the transfer of staff and properties of the existing Councils. There are requirements to have a statutory research committee and requirements on the Council to lay reports before the Parliament.
Schedule 2 — Fundable Bodies
56.This contains the list of all current colleges and higher education institutions eligible for funding by the Scottish Further Education Funding Council and the Scottish Higher Education Funding Council, which will become fundable bodies. This list of bodies may be amended in accordance with the provisions in section 7.
Schedule 3 — Amendment of enactments
57.This schedule makes consequential amendments which will be required to other legislation as a result of this Act.