11.1. Subject to the provisions of this Part and the overriding objective, hearings are to be conducted as directed by the chancellor.
11.2.—(1) Subject to rule 11.3, evidence at a hearing must be given orally under oath or solemn affirmation.
(2) Where—
(a)a witness statement has been served in accordance with rule 10.4,
(b)a report has been served in accordance with rule 10.5, or
(c)the court has allowed an application to give evidence under any of rules 12.1 to 12.4 (which require such applications to be accompanied by a witness statement),
the witness statement or report is to stand as the evidence in chief of the witness unless the court directs otherwise.
(3) A witness who gives oral evidence at a hearing may be cross-examined by any party to the proceedings (subject to any direction given under 10.2(2)(f) and to paragraph (4) of this rule).
(4) The court may limit cross-examination.
11.3.—(1) The chancellor may direct—
(a)that all or any part of the evidence is to be given—
(i)before an examiner appointed by the court; or
(ii)by affidavit;
(b)that a witness statement or a report (in the case of an expert witness) is to be received in evidence without the attendance of the maker of the statement or report.
(2) If the chancellor makes a direction under paragraph (1)(b) a direction must also be given requiring the witness statement or report to be served on the registrar and the parties not less than 21 days before the date of the hearing
(3) Where, following a direction under paragraph (1)(b), a witness statement or report is served in accordance with paragraph (2), the chancellor may direct that, notwithstanding that direction, the maker of the witness statement or report attend the hearing for cross-examination.
(4) If the chancellor makes a direction under paragraph (3) but the maker of the witness statement or report does not attend the hearing, the witness statement or report is not to be admitted in evidence unless the chancellor considers that there are exceptional circumstances to justify its being admitted.