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4.—4.1 Glacial acetic acid.
4.2 Ammonia solution: dilute on volume of ammonia (d = 0.88 g/ml) with 3 volumes of water.
4.3 Ammoniacal silver solution, according to Tollens, freshly prepared: mix 500 ml silver nitrate solution (10 g per 100 ml) with 500 ml ammonia solution (4.2).
Do not expose unnecessarily to light, heat or air.
Safety precaution: when handling ammoniacal silver nitrate solution, safety goggles must be worn.
4.4 Concentrated sulphuric acid (d = 1.84 g/ml).
4.5 Potassium sulphate.
4.6 Copper oxide (CuO), 0.3 — 0.4 g for each determination or an equivalent quantity of copper sulphate pentahydrate (0.95 — 1.25 g) for each determination.
4.7 Sodium hydroxide solution, 30 g per 100 ml, ammonia free.
4.8 Sulphuric acid, 0.1 N solution.
4.9 Sodium or potassium hydroxide, 0.1 N solution.
4.10 Indicator solutions:
4.10.1Solution A: dissolve 1 g methyl red in 37 ml 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution and make up to 1 litre with water.
Solution B: dissolve 1 g methylene blue in water and make up to 1 litre.
Mix 1 volume of solution A with 2 volumes of solution B.
This indicator is violet in acid solution, grey in neutral solution and green in alkaline solution.
Use 0.5 ml (10 drops).
4.10.2dissolve 0.1 g methyl red in 50 ml 95% ethanol and make up to 100 ml with water. Filter if necessary. This indicator (4 to 5 drops) may be used instead of the preceding one.
4.11 Anti-bump granules of pumice stone, washed in hydrochloric acid and ignited.
4.12 Potassium thiocyanate.
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