Statutory Instruments
WATER, ENGLAND AND WALES
Made
11th July 1991
Laid before Parliament
19th July 1991
Coming into force
9th August 1991
The Secretary of State for the Environment and the Secretary of State for Wales, acting jointly in exercise of the powers conferred on them by sections 104, 171 and 185(2) of the Water Act 1989(1), hereby make the following Regulations:
1. These Regulations may be cited as the Bathing Waters (Classification) Regulations 1991 and shall come into force on 9th August 1991.
2. –
(1) A system employing the classification BW1 is prescribed as a system of classification applying to relevant territorial waters, coastal waters and inland waters which are bathing waters.
(2) For the purposes of paragraph (1) above “bathing waters” are waters which are bathing water within the meaning of Article 1.2 of Council Directive 76/160/EEC(2)and other waters which are used for bathing.
(3) Schedules 1, 2 and 3 (which specify criteria for classification BW1, impose sampling requirements and set out quality standards) shall have effect.
3. Section 105 of the Water Act 1989 shall have effect as if –
(a)it imposed a duty on the Secretary of State to exercise his powers under that section to apply the classification BW1 to relevant territorial waters, coastal waters and inland waters which are bathing water within the meaning of Article 1.2 of Council Directive 76/160/EEC; and
(b)in relation to the establishment of water quality objectives in pursuance of that duty, subsections (4) and (5) of that section were omitted.
Michael Heseltine
Secretary of State for the Environment
9th July 1991
David Hunt
Secretary of State for Wales
11th July 1991
Regulation 2(3)
1. Subject to the following provisions of this Schedule, the criteria for the classification BW1 are that –
(a)at least 95 per cent of samples of the waters taken and tested in accordance with Schedule 2 must conform to the parametric values specified in Schedule 3;
(b)no sample of the waters taken in accordance with Schedule 2 which when tested for compliance with the phenols parameter by the absorption method or with the transparency parameter fails to comply shall have a value which deviates from the relevant parametric value for that parameter specified in Schedule 3 by more than 50 per cent;
(c)consecutive samples of the waters taken in accordance with Schedule 2 at statistically suitable intervals shall not when tested deviate from the relevant parametric values specified in Schedule 3.
2. For the purposes of paragraph 1 above samples shall be disregarded if they deviate from the parametric values specified in Schedule 3 as a result of abnormal weather conditions, floods or other natural disasters.
3. –
(1) Subject to sub-paragraph (2), where in the case of particular waters to which the classification BW1 applies –
(a)any requirement relating to the parameter for pH, colour or transparency cannot be complied with as a result of exceptional weather or geographical conditions; or
(b)any requirement relating to any parameter cannot be complied with as a result of the waters having undergone a process of natural enrichment from the soil without human intervention,
the Secretary of State may by notice served on the National Rivers Authority modify or disapply that requirement in relation to those waters.
(2) The Secretary of State shall not exercise his powers under this paragraph so as to permit a risk to public health.
Regulation 2(3)
1. Samples must be taken in accordance with the requirements of Schedule 3 in any year throughout the period beginning on 1st May and ending on 30th September.
2. Additional samples must be taken during that period if there are grounds to suspect that the quality of the waters is deteriorating for any reason or is likely to deteriorate as a result of any discharge.
3. All samples must be taken at the same point at the place in the particular waters where the daily average density of bathers is at its highest,and preferably 30 centimetres below the surface, except in the case of samples for testing for mineral oils, which must be taken at surface level.
4. The methods of analysis and inspection specified in Schedule 3, or methods which are at least as reliable, must be used for determining whether the parametric values specified in that Schedule are met.
Regulation 2(3)
| Parameter | Parametric value | Minimum sampling frequency | Methods of analysis and inspection |
|---|---|---|---|
Notes 1. Samples may be taken at intervals of four weeks where samples taken in previous years show that the waters are of an appreciably higher standard than that required for the classification in question and the quality of the waters has not subsequently deteriorated and is unlikely to do so. 2. Samples must be taken in relation to this parameter when there are grounds for suspecting that there has been a deterioration in the quality of the waters or the substance is likely to be present in the waters. | |||
| Micro-biological: | |||
| Total coliforms | 10,000/100ml | Fortnightly (see Note 1) | Fermentation in multiple tubes. Sub-culturing of the positive tubes on a confirmation medium. Either counting according to MPN (most probable number) or membrane filtration, culturing on an appropriate medium, sub-culturing and identification of the suspect colonies. |
| Faecal coliforms | 2,000/100ml | Fortnightly (see Note 1) | The incubation temperature is variable according to whether total or faecal coliforms are being investigated. |
| Salmonella | Absent in 1 litre | (see Note 2) | Membrane filtration, culturing on an appropriate medium, sub-culturing and identification of the suspect colonies. |
| Entero viruses | No plaque forming units in 10 litres | (see Note 2) | Concentration (by filtration, flocculation or centrifuging) and confirmation. |
| Physico-chemical: | |||
| PH | 6 to 9 | (see Note 2) | Electrometry with calibration at pH 7 and 9. |
| Colour | No abnormal change in colour | Fortnightly (see Note 1) | Visual inspection or photometry with standards on the platinum cobalt scale. |
| Mineral oils | No film visible on the surface of the water and no odour | Fortnightly (see Note 1) | Visual and olfactory inspection. |
| Surface-active substances reacting with methylene blue | No lasting foam | Fortnightly (see Note 1) | Visual inspection. |
| Phenols (phenol indices) | No specific odour | Fortnightly (see Note 1) | Olfactory inspection. |
| ≤0.05 mg/litre (C6H5OH) | (see Note 2) | Absorption spectrophotometry 4-aminoantipyrine (4 AAP) | |
| Transparency | 1 metre | Fortnightly (see Note 1) | Secchi’s disc. |
(This note is not part of the Regulations)
These Regulations prescribe a system of classifying the quality of relevant territorial waters, coastal waters and inland waters which are bathing waters. The classification BW1 prescribed by the Regulations reflects the mandatory standards laid down in the Annex to Council directive 76/160/EEC concerning the quality of bathing water.
The system of classification prescribed by the Regulations will be used for establishing quality objectives under section 105 of the Water Act 1989 for bathing waters (regulation 2 and Schedules 1 to 3). Paragraph 3 of Schedule 1 gives the Secretary of State power to grant derogations from certain requirements of the objectives in circumstances permitted by Article 8 of Council Directive 76/160/EEC. There are sampling requirements in Schedules 2 and 3 and the Secretary of State will use his powers under section 146 of the Water Act 1989 to direct the National Rivers Authority to sample and test waters to which classification BW1 applies in accordance with those requirements.
Regulation 3 imposes a duty on the Secretary of State to use his powers under section 105 of the Water Act 1989 to apply the classification BW1 to waters which are “bathing water” within the meaning of Council Directive 76/160/EEC. It also dispenses with the requirements of section 105and (5) (representations and objections) in cases where the Secretary of State is performing that duty.
1989 c. 15; see the definition of “prescribed” in section 189(1).
OJ No. L 31/1, 5.2.76, p.1.