(1)For corporation tax purposes the income and chargeable gains of a company for an accounting period must be calculated and expressed in sterling.
(2)See the following sections for provision about the application of subsection (1) in certain cases where profits or losses fall to be calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice—
section 6 (UK resident company operating in sterling and preparing accounts in another currency),
section 7 (UK resident company operating in currency other than sterling and preparing accounts in another currency),
section 8 (UK resident company preparing accounts in currency other than sterling),
section 9 (non-UK resident company preparing accounts in currency other than sterling).
(1)This section applies if, for a period of account, in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice, a UK resident company [F1(other than a UK resident investment company)]—
(a)prepares its accounts in a currency other than sterling, and
(b)in those accounts identifies sterling as its functional currency.
[F2(1A) This section also applies if, for a period of account, a UK resident investment company—
(a)in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice, prepares its accounts in a currency other than sterling, and
(b)either—
(i)has sterling as its designated currency for that period of account (see sections 9A and 9B), or
(ii)if it does not have a designated currency for that period, in those accounts identifies sterling as its functional currency in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice.]
(2)Profits or losses of the company for the period that fall to be calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice for corporation tax purposes must be calculated in sterling as if the company prepared its accounts in sterling.
Textual Amendments
F1Words in s. 6(1) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 7 para. 8 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2011 (c. 11), Sch. 7 para. 1(2)
F2S. 6(1A) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 7 para. 8 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2011 (c. 11), Sch. 7 para. 1(3)
Modifications etc. (not altering text)
C1S. 6 applied (with modifications) by 2010 c. 8, s. 371SI(2) (as inserted (17.7.2012) by Finance Act 2012 (c. 14), Sch. 20 para. 1)
(1)This section applies if, for a period of account, in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice—
(a)a UK resident company [F3(other than a UK resident investment company)] prepares its accounts in one currency,
(b)in those accounts it identifies another currency as its functional currency, and
(c)that other currency is not sterling.
[F4(1A) This section also applies if, for a period of account, a UK resident investment company—
(a)in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice, prepares its accounts in one currency,
(b)either—
(i)has another currency as its designated currency for that period (see sections 9A and 9B), or
(ii)if it does not have a designated currency for that period, in those accounts identifies another currency as its functional currency in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice, and
(c)that other currency is not sterling.]
(2)Profits or losses of the company for the period that fall to be calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice for corporation tax purposes must be calculated in sterling as follows—
Step 1
Calculate those profits or losses in the [F5relevant] currency as if the company prepared its accounts in that currency.
Step 2
Take the sterling equivalent of those profits or losses (see section 11).
(3)If this section applies, assume that any sterling amount mentioned in the Corporation Tax Acts is its equivalent expressed in the [F6relevant] currency of the company.
[F7(4) In subsections (2) and (3) “ the relevant currency ” means the currency other than sterling referred to in subsection (1)(c) or (1A)(c). ]
Textual Amendments
F3Words in s. 7(1)(a) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 7 para. 8 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2011 (c. 11), Sch. 7 para. 2(2)
F4S. 7(1A) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 7 para. 8 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2011 (c. 11), Sch. 7 para. 2(3)
F5Word in s. 7(2) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 7 para. 8 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2011 (c. 11), Sch. 7 para. 2(4)
F6Word in s. 7(3) substituted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 7 para. 8 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2011 (c. 11), Sch. 7 para. 2(5)
F7S. 7(4) inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 7 para. 8 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2011 (c. 11), Sch. 7 para. 2(6)
Modifications etc. (not altering text)
C2S. 7 applied (with modifications) by 2010 c. 8, s. 371SI(3) (as inserted (17.7.2012) by Finance Act 2012 (c. 14), Sch. 20 para. 1)
(1)This section applies if, for a period of account—
(a)a UK resident company prepares its accounts in a currency other than sterling (the “accounts currency”), and
(b)neither section 6 nor section 7 applies.
(2)Profits or losses of the company for the period that fall to be calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice for corporation tax purposes must be calculated in sterling as follows—
Step 1
Calculate those profits or losses in the accounts currency.
Step 2
Take the sterling equivalent of those profits or losses (see section 11).
(3)If this section applies, assume that any sterling amount mentioned in the Corporation Tax Acts is its equivalent expressed in the accounts currency of the company.
(1)This section applies if—
(a)a non-UK resident company carries on a trade in the United Kingdom through a permanent establishment in the United Kingdom, and
(b)for a period of account, the company prepares its return of accounts in a currency other than sterling (the “accounts currency”).
(2)Profits or losses of the company for the period that fall to be calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice for corporation tax purposes must be calculated in sterling as follows—
Step 1
Calculate those profits or losses in the accounts currency.
Step 2
Take the sterling equivalent of those profits or losses (see section 11).
(3)If this section applies, assume that any sterling amount mentioned in the Corporation Tax Acts is its equivalent expressed in the accounts currency of the company.
(4)The reference in subsection (1) to the company's “return of accounts” is to a return of such accounts of its permanent establishment in the United Kingdom as may be required under paragraph 3 of Schedule 18 to FA 1998 (company tax returns).
(1) The designated currency of a UK resident investment company is the currency which the company elects as its designated currency.
(2)A company (“X”) may elect a currency as its designated currency only if—
(a)at the time the election is made condition A or B is met, or
(b)the election is made in the period (if any) beginning with the company's incorporation and ending immediately before its first accounting period.
(3)But an election made under subsection (2)(b) is void if, at the time X's first accounting period begins, neither condition A nor condition B is met.
(4)Condition A is that a significant proportion of X's assets and liabilities are denominated in the currency.
(5)Condition B is that—
(a)the currency is the functional currency of another company, and
(b)it is reasonable to assume that the two companies will meet the consolidation condition.
(6)X and another company (“Y”) meet the consolidation condition at any time if—
(a)for a period which includes that time, the financial results of X are comprised in financial statements of Y's group prepared in accordance with acceptable accounting practice, or
(b)if no financial statements of the group are prepared in accordance with acceptable accounting practice for a period which includes that time, the financial results of X would be comprised in financial statements of Y's group for a period which includes that time if such statements were prepared in accordance with international accounting standards.
(7)In subsection (6)—
“ financial statements of the group ” means consolidated financial statements of Y and its subsidiaries (within the meaning of section 351 of TIOPA 2010),
“ Y's group ” means a group of which Y is the ultimate parent (and for this purpose “ group ” and “ ultimate parent ” have the same meaning as they have for the purposes of Part 7 of that Act (see sections 338 and 339)), and
“ acceptable accounting practice ” means—
international accounting standards,
UK generally accepted accounting practice, or
accounting practice which is generally accepted in the country in which Y is resident.
(8)A currency is the designated currency of X for a period of account if the election in respect of that currency has effect throughout that period (see section 9B).
Textual Amendments
F8Ss. 9A, 9B inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 7 para. 8 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2011 (c. 11), Sch. 7 para. 3
(1)An election under section 9A(2)(a) takes effect at the beginning of the day specified in the election as the day on which it takes effect (which must be later than the day on which the election is made).
(2)An election under section 9A(2)(b) is treated as taking effect at the time of X's incorporation.
(3)An election under section 9A(2)(a) may be revoked by notice of the revocation being given to an officer of Revenue and Customs before the election takes effect.
(4)Subject to that, an election has effect until immediately before—
(a)the day on which another election by X takes effect, or
(b)the day on which a revocation event occurs,
(whichever first occurs).
(5)A revocation event occurs in a period of account (other than a period to which subsection (6) applies) if, at any time during that period—
(a)it is not the case that a significant proportion of X's assets and liabilities are denominated in the currency to which the election relates, and
(b)it is not the case that the currency is the functional currency of another company which, with X, met the consolidation condition (within the meaning of section 9A(6)) at any time during the preceding period of account.
(6)Where the election is made under section 9A(2)(b), a revocation event occurs in the period of account in which X's first accounting period begins only if—
(a)Condition A and not Condition B is satisfied at the beginning of that accounting period, and
(b)the condition in subsection (5)(a) is met at any time during the period of account but after the first accounting period begins.
(7)Subsections (8) and (9) apply if a period of account of X (“the straddling period of account”) begins before, and ends on or after, the day on which—
(a)an election under section 9A(2)(a) takes effect, or
(b)a revocation event occurs.
(8)It is to be assumed, for the purposes of this Chapter, that the straddling period of account consists of two separate periods of account—
(a)the first beginning with the straddling period of account and ending immediately before that day, and
(b)the second beginning with that day and ending with the straddling period of account,
and X's profits and losses are to be computed accordingly for the purposes of corporation tax.
(9)For those purposes, it is to be assumed—
(a)that X prepares its accounts for each of the two periods in the same currency, and otherwise on the same basis, as it prepares its accounts for the straddling period of account, and
(b)that if the accounts for the straddling period of account, in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice, identify a currency as X's functional currency, the accounts for each of the two periods do likewise.
(10)In this section references to “X” are to be construed in accordance with section 9A.]
Textual Amendments
F8Ss. 9A, 9B inserted (with effect in accordance with Sch. 7 para. 8 of the amending Act) by Finance Act 2011 (c. 11), Sch. 7 para. 3