(1)A registered pension scheme is to be treated as having made an unauthorised payment to a member of the pension scheme if, in connection with any of the events mentioned in subsection (3) or a change in the value of a currency—
(a)the value of an asset held for the purposes of the pension scheme is reduced or a liability of the pension scheme is increased, and
(b)the value of an asset held by or for the benefit of the member is increased, a liability of the member is reduced, or a liability of another person is reduced for the benefit of the member.
(2)But if the event or the change in the value of the currency occurs after the member’s death—
(a)the pension scheme is to be treated as having made an unauthorised payment in respect of the member (rather than to the member), and
(b)the person who holds the asset or is subject to the liability in relation to which subsection (1)(b) is satisfied is to be treated as having received the unauthorised payment.
(3)The events are—
(a)the creation, alteration, release or extinction of any power, right, option or liability relating to assets held for the purposes of the pension scheme (whether or not provided for in the terms on which the asset is acquired or held),
(b)the creation, alteration, release or extinction of any power, right or option relating to a liability of the pension scheme (whether or not provided for in the terms on which the liability is incurred),
(c)the exercise of, or failure to exercise, any power, right or option in relation to assets held for the purposes of the pension scheme or a liability of the pension scheme, or
(d)the exercise of, or failure to exercise, any power, right or option which constitutes an asset held for the purposes of the pension scheme,
in a way which differs from that which might be expected if the parties to the transaction were at arm’s length.
(4)The amount of the unauthorised payment is the amount by which the reduction in value of the asset held for the purposes of the pension scheme, or the increase in the liability of the pension scheme, exceeds that which might be expected if the parties to the transaction were at arm’s length.
(5)Regulations made by the Board of Inland Revenue may make provision as to how the excess is to be calculated in relation to events of a description specified in the regulations (including provision as to the times at which the asset or liability is to be valued).