(1)A court by or before which a person is convicted of an offence, instead of or in addition to dealing with him in any other way, may, on application or otherwise, make an order (in this Act referred to as a “compensation order”) requiring him—
(a)to pay compensation for any personal injury, loss or damage resulting from that offence or any other offence which is taken into consideration by the court in determining sentence; or
(b)to make payments for funeral expenses or bereavement in respect of a death resulting from any such offence, other than a death due to an accident arising out of the presence of a motor vehicle on a road;
but this is subject to the following provisions of this section and to section 131 below.
(2)Where the person is convicted of an offence the sentence for which is fixed by law or falls to be imposed under section [F1110(2) or 111(2) above, section 51A(2) of the Firearms Act 1968][F2, [F3section 225(2) or 226(2)] of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 or section 29(4) or (6) of the Violent Crime Reduction Act 2006], subsection (1) above shall have effect as if the words “instead of or” were omitted.
(3)A court shall give reasons, on passing sentence, if it does not make a compensation order in a case where this section empowers it to do so.
(4)Compensation under subsection (1) above shall be of such amount as the court considers appropriate, having regard to any evidence and to any representations that are made by or on behalf of the accused or the prosecutor.
(5)In the case of an offence under the M1Theft Act 1968 [F4or Fraud Act 2006], where the property in question is recovered, any damage to the property occurring while it was out of the owner’s possession shall be treated for the purposes of subsection (1) above as having resulted from the offence, however and by whomever the damage was caused.
(6)A compensation order may only be made in respect of injury, loss or damage (other than loss suffered by a person’s dependants in consequence of his death) which was due to an accident arising out of the presence of a motor vehicle on a road, if—
(a)it is in respect of damage which is treated by subsection (5) above as resulting from an offence under the M2Theft Act 1968 [F5or Fraud Act 2006]; or
(b)it is in respect of injury, loss or damage as respects which—
(i)the offender is uninsured in relation to the use of the vehicle; and
(ii)compensation is not payable under any arrangements to which the Secretary of State is a party.
(7)Where a compensation order is made in respect of injury, loss or damage due to an accident arising out of the presence of a motor vehicle on a road, the amount to be paid may include an amount representing the whole or part of any loss of or reduction in preferential rates of insurance attributable to the accident.
(8)A vehicle the use of which is exempted from insurance by section 144 of the M3Road Traffic Act 1988 is not uninsured for the purposes of subsection (6) above.
(9)A compensation order in respect of funeral expenses may be made for the benefit of anyone who incurred the expenses.
(10)A compensation order in respect of bereavement may be made only for the benefit of a person for whose benefit a claim for damages for bereavement could be made under section 1A of the M4Fatal Accidents Act 1976; and the amount of compensation in respect of bereavement shall not exceed the amount for the time being specified in section 1A(3) of that Act.
(11)In determining whether to make a compensation order against any person, and in determining the amount to be paid by any person under such an order, the court shall have regard to his means so far as they appear or are known to the court.
(12)Where the court considers—
(a)that it would be appropriate both to impose a fine and to make a compensation order, but
(b)that the offender has insufficient means to pay both an appropriate fine and appropriate compensation,
the court shall give preference to compensation (though it may impose a fine as well).
Textual Amendments
F1Words in s. 130(2) substituted (4.4.2005) by Criminal Justice Act 2003 (c. 44), s. 336(3)(4), Sch. 32 para. 117; S.I. 2005/950, art. 2(1), Sch. 1 para. 42(34) (with Sch. 2) (as explained (29.7.2005) by S.I. 2005/2122, art. 2; and as amended: (14.7.2008) by 2008 c. 4, Sch. 26 para. 78, Sch. 28 Pt. 2; S.I. 2008/1586, Sch. 1 paras. 48(s), 50(2)(d); (30.11.2009) by S.I. 2009/3111, art. 2; (3.12.2012) by S.I. 2012/2905, art. 4; (3.12.2012) by 2012 c. 10, Sch. 14 para. 17; S.I. 2012/2906, art. 2(l))
F2Words in s. 130(2) substituted (6.4.2007) by Violent Crime Reduction Act 2006 (c. 38), s. 66(2), Sch. 1 para. 6(b); S.I. 2007/858, art. 2(g)
F3Words in s. 130(2) substituted (14.7.2008) by Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 (c. 4), s. 153(7), Sch. 26 para. 46; S.I. 2008/1586, art. 2(1), Sch. 1 para. 48(o)
F4Words in s. 130(5) inserted (15.1.2007) by Fraud Act 2006 (c. 35), s. 15(1), Sch. 1 para. 29; S.I. 2006/3200, art. 2
F5Words in s. 130(6)(a) inserted (15.1.2007) by Fraud Act 2006 (c. 35), s. 15(1), Sch. 1 para. 29; S.I. 2006/3200, art. 2
Marginal Citations
(1)The compensation to be paid under a compensation order made by a magistrates’ court in respect of any offence of which the court has convicted the offender shall not exceed £5,000.
(2)The compensation or total compensation to be paid under a compensation order or compensation orders made by a magistrates’ court in respect of any offence or offences taken into consideration in determining sentence shall not exceed the difference (if any) between—
(a)the amount or total amount which under subsection (1) above is the maximum for the offence or offences of which the offender has been convicted; and
(b)the amount or total amounts (if any) which are in fact ordered to be paid in respect of that offence or those offences.
(1)A person in whose favour a compensation order is made shall not be entitled to receive the amount due to him until (disregarding any power of a court to grant leave to appeal out of time) there is no further possibility of an appeal on which the order could be varied or set aside.
(2)[F6Criminal Procedure Rules] may make provision regarding the way in which the magistrates’ court for the time being having functions (by virtue of section 41(1) of the M5Administration of Justice Act 1970) in relation to the enforcement of a compensation order is to deal with money paid in satisfaction of the order where the entitlement of the person in whose favour it was made is suspended.
(3)The Court of Appeal may by order annul or vary any compensation order made by the court of trial, although the conviction is not quashed; and the order, if annulled, shall not take effect and, if varied, shall take effect as varied.
(4)Where the House of Lords restores a conviction, it may make any compensation order which the court of trial could have made.
[F7(4A)Where an order is made in respect of a person under subsection (3) or (4) above, the Court of Appeal or House of Lords shall make such order for the payment of a surcharge under section 161A of the Criminal Justice Act 2003, or such variation of the order of the Crown Court under that section, as is necessary to secure that the person’s liability under that section is the same as it would be if he were being dealt with by the Crown Court.]
(5)Where a compensation order has been made against any person in respect of an offence taken into consideration in determining his sentence—
(a)the order shall cease to have effect if he successfully appeals against his conviction of the offence or, if more than one, all the offences, of which he was convicted in the proceedings in which the order was made;
(b)he may appeal against the order as if it were part of the sentence imposed in respect of the offence or, if more than one, any of the offences, of which he was so convicted.
Textual Amendments
F6Words in s. 132(2) substituted (1.9.2004) by The Courts Act 2003 (Consequential Amendments) Order 2004 (S.I. 2004/2035), art. 2(1), Sch. para. 42 (with art. 2(2))
F7S. 132(4A) inserted (1.4.2007) by Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 (c. 28), s. 60, Sch. 10 para. 49; S.I. 2007/602, art. 2(c)
Marginal Citations
(1)The magistrates’ court for the time being having functions in relation to the enforcement of a compensation order (in this section referred to as “the appropriate court”) may, on the application of the person against whom the compensation order was made, discharge the order or reduce the amount which remains to be paid; but this is subject to subsections (2) to (4) below.
(2)The appropriate court may exercise a power conferred by subsection (1) above only—
(a)at a time when (disregarding any power of a court to grant leave to appeal out of time) there is no further possibility of an appeal on which the compensation order could be varied or set aside; and
(b)at a time before the person against whom the compensation order was made has paid into court the whole of the compensation which the order requires him to pay.
(3)The appropriate court may exercise a power conferred by subsection (1) above only if it appears to the court—
(a)that the injury, loss or damage in respect of which the compensation order was made has been held in civil proceedings to be less than it was taken to be for the purposes of the order; or
(b)in the case of a compensation order in respect of the loss of any property, that the property has been recovered by the person in whose favour the order was made; or
(c)that the means of the person against whom the compensation order was made are insufficient to satisfy in full both the order and a confiscation order under Part VI of the M6Criminal Justice Act 1988 [F8, or Part 2 of the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002,] made against him in the same proceedings; or
(d)that the person against whom the compensation order was made has suffered a substantial reduction in his means which was unexpected at the time when the order was made, and that his means seem unlikely to increase for a considerable period.
(4)Where the compensation order was made by the Crown Court, the appropriate court shall not exercise any power conferred by subsection (1) above in a case where it is satisfied as mentioned in paragraph (c) or (d) of subsection (3) above unless it has first obtained the consent of the Crown Court.
(5)Where a compensation order has been made on appeal, for the purposes of subsection (4) above it shall be deemed—
(a)if it was made on an appeal brought from a magistrates’ court, to have been made by that magistrates’ court;
(b)if it was made on an appeal brought from the Crown Court or from the criminal division of the Court of Appeal, to have been made by the Crown Court.
Textual Amendments
F8Words in s. 133(3)(c) inserted (24.3.2003) by Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (c. 29), s. 458(1), Sch. 11 para. 37(3); S.I. 2003/333, art. 2, Sch. (with arts. 10-13)
Marginal Citations
(1)This section shall have effect where a compensation order, or a service compensation order or award, has been made in favour of any person in respect of any injury, loss or damage and a claim by him in civil proceedings for damages in respect of the injury, loss or damage subsequently falls to be determined.
(2)The damages in the civil proceedings shall be assessed without regard to the order or award, but the plaintiff may only recover an amount equal to the aggregate of the following—
(a)any amount by which they exceed the compensation; and
(b)a sum equal to any portion of the compensation which he fails to recover,
and may not enforce the judgment, so far as it relates to a sum such as is mentioned in paragraph (b) above, without the leave of the court.
(3)In this section a “service compensation order or award” means—
(a)an order requiring the payment of compensation under paragraph 11 of Schedule 5A to the M7Army Act 1955, of Schedule 5A to the M8Air Force Act 1955 or of Schedule 4A to the M9Naval Discipline Act 1957; or
(b)an award of stoppages payable by way of compensation under any of those Acts.