44Child support: cases of error
After section 28ZB of the Child Support Act there shall be inserted the following sections—
“Cases of error
28ZCRestrictions on liability in certain cases of error
(1)Subject to subsection (2), this section applies where—
(a)the effect of the determination, whenever made, of an appeal to a Child Support Commissioner or the court (“the relevant determination”) is that the adjudicating authority’s decision out of which the appeal arose was erroneous in point of law; and
(b)after the date of the relevant determination a decision falls to be made by the Secretary of State in accordance with that determination (or would, apart from this section, fall to be so made)—
(i)with respect to an application for a maintenance assessment (made after the commencement date);
(ii)as to whether to revise, under section 16, a decision (made after the commencement date) with respect to such an assessment; or
(iii)on an application under section 17 (made after the commencement date) for a decision with respect to such an assessment to be superseded.
(2)This section does not apply where the decision of the Secretary of State mentioned in subsection (1)(b)—
(a)is one which, but for section 28ZA(2)(a), would have been made before the date of the relevant determination; or
(b)is one made in pursuance of section 28ZB(3) or (5).
(3)In so far as the decision relates to a person’s liability in respect of a period before the date of the relevant determination, it shall be made as if the adjudicating authority’s decision had been found by the Commissioner or court not to have been erroneous in point of law.
(4)Subsection (1)(a) shall be read as including a case where—
(a)the effect of the relevant determination is that part or all of a purported regulation or order is invalid; and
(b)the error of law made by the adjudicating authority was to act on the basis that the purported regulation or order (or the part held to be invalid) was valid.
(5)It is immaterial for the purposes of subsection (1)—
(a)where such a decision as is mentioned in paragraph (b)(i) falls to be made; or
(b)where such a decision as is mentioned in paragraph (b)(ii) or (iii) falls to be made on an application under section 16 or (as the case may be) section 17,
whether the application was made before or after the date of the relevant determination.
(6)In this section—
“adjudicating authority” means the Secretary of State, or a child support officer;
“the commencement date” means the date of the coming into force of section 44 of the Social Security Act 1998; and
“the court” means the High Court, the Court of Appeal, the Court of Session, the High Court or Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland, the House of Lords or the Court of Justice of the European Community.
(7)The date of the relevant determination shall, in prescribed cases, be determined for the purposes of this section in accordance with any regulations made for that purpose.
(8)Regulations made under subsection (7) may include provision—
(a)for a determination of a higher court to be treated as if it had been made on the date of a determination of a lower court or a Child Support Commissioner; or
(b)for a determination of a lower court or a Child Support Commissioner to be treated as if it had been made on the date of a determination of a higher court.
28ZDCorrection of errors and setting aside of decisions
(1)Regulations may make provision with respect to—
(a)the correction of accidental errors in any decision or record of a decision given under this Act; and
(b)the setting aside of any such decision in a case where it appears just to set the decision aside on the ground that—
(i)a document relating to the proceedings in which the decision was given was not sent to, or was not received at an appropriate time by, a party to the proceedings or a party’s representative or was not received at an appropriate time by the body or person who gave the decision; or
(ii)a party to the proceedings or a party’s representative was not present at a hearing related to the proceedings.
(2)Nothing in subsection (1) shall be construed as derogating from any power to correct errors or set aside decisions which is exercisable apart from regulations made by virtue of that subsection.”