2

A person is connected with a child for the purposes of this section if—

a

he is a parent of the child; or

b

in the case of a child whose parents were not married to each other at the time of his birth, there are reasonable grounds for believing that he is the father of the child; or

c

he is a guardian of the child; or

d

he is a person in whose favour a residence order is in force with respect to the child; or

e

he has custody of the child.

3

In this section “the appropriate consent”, in relation to a child, means—

a

the consent of each of the following—

i

the child’s mother;

ii

the child’s father, if he has parental responsibility for him;

iii

any guardian of the child;

iv

any person in whose favour a residence order is in force with respect to the child;

v

any person who has custody of the child; or

b

the leave of the court granted under or by virtue of any provision of Part II of the Children Act 1989; or

c

if any person has custody of the child, the leave of the court which awarded custody to him.

4

A person does not commit an offence under this section by taking or sending a child out of the United Kingdom without obtaining the appropriate consent if—

a

he is a person in whose favour there is a residence order in force with respect to the child, and

b

he takes or sends him out of the United Kingdom for a period of less than one month.

4A

Subsection (4) above does not apply if the person taking or sending the child out of the United Kingdom does so in breach of an order under Part II of the Children Act 1989.

5A

Subsection (5)(c) above does not apply if—

a

the person who refused to consent is a person—

i

in whose favour there is a residence order in force with respect to the child; or

ii

who has custody of the child; or

b

the person taking or sending the child out of the United Kingdom is, by so acting, in breach of an order made by a court in the United Kingdom.

7

For the purposes of this section—

a

“guardian of a child”, “residence order” and “parental responsibility” have the same meaning as in the Children Act 1989; and

b

a person shall be treated as having custody of a child if there is in force an order of a court in the United Kingdom awarding him (whether solely or jointly with another person) custody, legal custody or care and control of the child.