Modifications etc. (not altering text)
C1 Pt. I applied (with modifications) (6.12.2000) by S.I. 2000/3059 , art. 3(1) , Schs. 2 , 3 (as amended (1.5.2016) by The Aviation Security and Piracy (Overseas Territories) (Amendment) Order 2016 (S.I. 2016/369), arts. 3, 4)
(1)A person on board an aircraft in flight who unlawfully, by the use of force or by threats of any kind, seizes the aircraft or exercises control of it commits the offence of hijacking, whatever his nationality, whatever the State in which the aircraft is registered and whether the aircraft is in the United Kingdom or elsewhere, but subject to subsection (2) below.
(2)If—
(a)the aircraft is used in military, customs or police service, or
(b)both the place of take-off and the place of landing are in the territory of the State in which the aircraft is registered,
subsection (1) above shall not apply unless—
(i)the person seizing or exercising control of the aircraft is a United Kingdom national; or
(ii)his act is committed in the United Kingdom; or
(iii)the aircraft is registered in the United Kingdom or is used in the military or customs service of the United Kingdom or in the service of any police force in the United Kingdom.
(3)A person who commits the offence of hijacking shall be liable, on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for life.
(4)If the Secretary of State by order made by statutory instrument declares—
(a)that any two or more States named in the order have established an organisation or agency which operates aircraft; and
(b)that one of those States has been designated as exercising, for aircraft so operated, the powers of the State of registration,
the State declared under paragraph (b) of this subsection shall be deemed for the purposes of this section to be the State in which any aircraft so operated is registered; but in relation to such an aircraft subsection (2)(b) above shall have effect as if it referred to the territory of any one of the States named in the order.
(5)For the purposes of this section the territorial waters of any State shall be treated as part of its territory.
Modifications etc. (not altering text)
C2 S. 1 extended (with modifications) (Jersey) (12.6.1993) by S.I. 1993/1251 , art. 2(1) , Sch. 1 Pt.I
S. 1 extended (with modifications) (Guernsey) (17.1.1998) by S.I. 1997/2989 , art. 2(1) , Sch. 1 Pt. I , II
(1)It shall, subject to subsection (4) below, be an offence for any person unlawfully and intentionally—
(a)to destroy an aircraft in service or so to damage such an aircraft as to render it incapable of flight or as to be likely to endanger its safety in flight; or
(b)to commit on board an aircraft in flight any act of violence which is likely to endanger the safety of the aircraft.
(2)It shall also, subject to subsection (4) below, be an offence for any person unlawfully and intentionally to place, or cause to be placed, on an aircraft in service any device or substance which is likely to destroy the aircraft, or is likely so to damage it as to render it incapable of flight or as to be likely to endanger its safety in flight; but nothing in this subsection shall be construed as limiting the circumstances in which the commission of any act—
(a)may constitute an offence under subsection (1) above, or
(b)may constitute attempting or conspiring to commit, or aiding, abetting, counselling or procuring, or being art and part in, the commission of such an offence.
(3)Except as provided by subsection (4) below, subsections (1) and (2) above shall apply whether any such act as is therein mentioned is committed in the United Kingdom or elsewhere, whatever the nationality of the person committing the act and whatever the State in which the aircraft is registered.
(4)Subsections (1) and (2) above shall not apply to any act committed in relation to an aircraft used in military, customs or police service unless—
(a)the act is committed in the United Kingdom, or
(b)where the act is committed outside the United Kingdom, the person committing it is a United Kingdom national.
(5)A person who commits an offence under this section shall be liable, on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for life.
(6)In this section unlawfully—
(a)in relation to the commission of an act in the United Kingdom, means so as (apart from this Act) to constitute an offence under the law of the part of the United Kingdom in which the act is committed, and
(b)in relation to the commission of an act outside the United Kingdom, means so that the commission of the act would (apart from this Act) have been an offence under the law of England and Wales if it had been committed in England and Wales or of Scotland if it had been committed in Scotland.
(7)In this section act of violence means—
(a)any act done in the United Kingdom which constitutes the offence of murder, attempted murder, manslaughter, culpable homicide or assault or an offence under section 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 28 or 29 of the Offences against the M1Person Act 1861 or under section 2 of the M2Explosive Substances Act 1883, and
(b)any act done outside the United Kingdom which, if done in the United Kingdom, would constitute such an offence as is mentioned in paragraph (a) above.
Modifications etc. (not altering text)
C3 S. 2 extended (with modifications) (Jersey) (12.6.1993) by S.I. 1993/1251 , art. 2(1) , Sch. 1 Pt.I
S. 2 extended (with modifications) (Guernsey) (17.1.1998) by S.I. 1997/2989 , art. 2(1) , Sch. 1 Pt. I , II
Marginal Citations
(1)It shall, subject to subsections (5) and (6) below, be an offence for any person unlawfully and intentionally to destroy or damage any property to which this subsection applies, or to interfere with the operation of any such property, where the destruction, damage or interference is likely to endanger the safety of aircraft in flight.
(2)Subsection (1) above applies to any property used for the provision of air navigation facilities, including any land, building or ship so used, and including any apparatus or equipment so used, whether it is on board an aircraft or elsewhere.
(3)It shall also, subject to subsections (4) and (5) below, be an offence for any person intentionally to communicate any information which is false, misleading or deceptive in a material particular, where the communication of the information endangers the safety of an aircraft in flight or is likely to endanger the safety of aircraft in flight.
(4)It shall be a defence for a person charged with an offence under subsection (3) above to prove—
(a)that he believed, and had reasonable grounds for believing, that the information was true; or
(b)that, when he communicated the information, he was lawfully employed to perform duties which consisted of or included the communication of information and that he communicated the information in good faith in the performance of those duties.
(5)Subsections (1) and (3) above shall not apply to the commission of any act unless either the act is committed in the United Kingdom, or, where it is committed outside the United Kingdom—
(a)the person committing it is a United Kingdom national; or
(b)the commission of the act endangers or is likely to endanger the safety in flight of a civil aircraft registered in the United Kingdom or chartered by demise to a lessee whose principal place of business, or (if he has no place of business) whose permanent residence, is in the United Kingdom; or
(c)the act is committed on board a civil aircraft which is so registered or so chartered; or
(d)the act is committed on board a civil aircraft which lands in the United Kingdom with the person who committed the act still on board.
(6)Subsection (1) above shall also not apply to any act committed outside the United Kingdom and so committed in relation to property which is situated outside the United Kingdom and is not used for the provision of air navigation facilities in connection with international air navigation, unless the person committing the act is a United Kingdom national.
(7)A person who commits an offence under this section shall be liable, on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for life.
(8)In this section civil aircraft means any aircraft other than an aircraft used in military, customs or police service and unlawfully has the same meaning as in section 2 of this Act.
Modifications etc. (not altering text)
C4 S. 3 extended (with modifications) (Jersey) (12.6.1993) by S.I. 1993/1251 , art. 2(1) , Sch. 1 Pt.I
S. 3 extended (with modifications) (Guernsey) (17.1.1998) by S.I. 1997/2989 , art. 2(1) , Sch. 1 Pt. I , II
(1)It shall be an offence for any person without lawful authority or reasonable excuse (the proof of which shall lie on him) to have with him—
(a)in any aircraft registered in the United Kingdom, whether at a time when the aircraft is in the United Kingdom or not, or
(b)in any other aircraft at a time when it is in, or in flight over, the United Kingdom, or
(c)in any part of an aerodrome in the United Kingdom, or
(d)in any air navigation installation in the United Kingdom which does not form part of an aerodrome,
any article to which this section applies.
(2)This section applies to the following articles, that is to say—
(a)any firearm, or any article having the appearance of being a firearm, whether capable of being discharged or not;
(b)any explosive, any article manufactured or adapted (whether in the form of a bomb, grenade or otherwise) so as to have the appearance of being an explosive, whether it is capable of producing a practical effect by explosion or not, or any article marked or labelled so as to indicate that it is or contains an explosive; and
(c)any article (not falling within either of the preceding paragraphs) made or adapted for use for causing injury to or incapacitating a person or for destroying or damaging property, or intended by the person having it with him for such use, whether by him or by any other person.
(3)For the purposes of this section a person who is for the time being in an aircraft, or in part of an aerodrome, shall be treated as having with him in the aircraft, or in that part of the aerodrome, as the case may be, an article to which this section applies if—
(a)where he is in an aircraft, the article, or an article in which it is contained, is in the aircraft and has been caused (whether by him or by any other person) to be brought there as being, or as forming part of, his baggage on a flight in the aircraft or has been caused by him to be brought there as being, or as forming part of, any other property to be carried on such a flight, or
(b)where he is in part of an aerodrome (otherwise than in an aircraft), the article, or an article in which it is contained, is in that or any other part of the aerodrome and has been caused (whether by him or by any other person) to be brought into the aerodrome as being, or as forming part of, his baggage on a flight from that aerodrome or has been caused by him to be brought there as being, or as forming part of, any other property to be carried on such a flight on which he is also to be carried.
notwithstanding that the circumstances may be such that (apart from this subsection) he would not be regarded as having the article with him in the aircraft or in a part of the aerodrome, as the case may be.
(4)A person guilty of an offence under this section shall be liable—
(a)on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months or to both;
(b)on conviction on indictment, to a fine or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years or to both.
(5)Nothing in subsection (3) above shall be construed as limiting the circumstances in which a person would, apart from that subsection, be regarded as having an article with him as mentioned in subsection (1) above.
Modifications etc. (not altering text)
C5 S. 4 extended (with modifications) (Jersey) (12.6.1993) by S.I. 1993/1251 , art. 2(1) , Sch. 1 Pt.I
S. 4 extended (with modifications) (Guernsey) (17.1.1998) by S.I. 1997/2989 , art. 2(1) , Sch. 1 Pt. I , II
(1)Any court in the United Kingdom having jurisdiction in respect of piracy committed on the high seas shall have jurisdiction in respect of piracy committed by or against an aircraft, wherever that piracy is committed.
(2)in subsection (1) above, aircraft has the same meaning as in section 92 of the M3Civil Aviation Act 1982 (application of criminal law to aircraft); and, for the purposes of this definition, section 101 of that Act (Crown aircraft) shall apply to this section as it applies to the said section 92.
Modifications etc. (not altering text)
C6 S. 5 extended (with modifications) (Jersey) (12.6.1993) by S.I. 1993/1251 , art. 2(1) , Sch. 1 Pt.I
S. 5 extended (with modifications) (Guernsey) (17.1.1998) by S.I. 1997/2989 , art. 2(1) , Sch. 1 Pt. I , II
Marginal Citations
M3 1982 c. 16 .
(1)Without prejudice to section 92 of the M4Civil Aviation Act 1982 (application of criminal law to aircraft) or to section 2(1)(b) of this act, where a person (of whatever nationality) does on board any aircraft (wherever registered) and while outside the United Kingdom any act which, if done in the United Kingdom would constitute the offence of murder, attempted murder, manslaughter, culpable homicide or assault or an offence under section 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 28 or 29 of the Offences against the M5Person Act 1861 or section 2 of the M6Explosive Substances Act 1883, his act shall constitute that offence if it is done in connection with the offence of hijacking committed or attempted by him on board that aircraft.
(2)It shall be an offence for any person in the United Kingdom to induce or assist the commission outside the United Kingdom of any act which—
(a)would, but for subsection (2) of section 1 of this Act, be an offence under that section; or
(b)would, but for subsection (4) of section 2 of this Act, be an offence under that section; or
(c)would, but for subsection (5) or (6) of section 3 of this Act, be an offence under that section.
(3)A person who commits an offence under subsection (2) above shall be liable, on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for life.
(4)Subsection (2) above shall have effect without prejudice to the operation, in relation to any offence under section 1, 2 or 3 of this Act—
(a)in England and Wales, or in Northern Ireland, of section 8 of the M7Accessories and Abettors Act 1861; or
(b)in Scotland, of any rule of law relating to art and part guilt.
Modifications etc. (not altering text)
C7 S. 6 extended (with modifications) (Jersey) (12.6.1993) by S.I. 1993/1251 , art. 2(1) , Sch. 1 Pt.I
S. 6 extended (with modifications) (Guernsey) (17.1.1998) by S.I. 1997/2989 , art. 2(1) , Sch. 1 Pt. I , II
Marginal Citations
M4 1982 c. 16 .
M7 1861 c. 94 .
(1)Where a constable has reasonable cause to suspect that a person about to embark on an aircraft in the United Kingdom, or a person on board such an aircraft, intends to commit, in relation to the aircraft, an offence under any of the preceding provisions of this Part of this Act (other than section 4), the constable may prohibit him from travelling on board the aircraft, and for the purpose of enforcing that prohibition the constable—
(a)may prevent him from embarking on the aircraft or, as the case may be, may remove him from the aircraft; and
(b)may arrest him without warrant and detain him for so long as may be necessary for that purpose.
(2)Any person who [F1intentionally obstructs]a person acting in the exercise of a power conferred on him by subsection (1) above shall be guilty of an offence and liable—
(a)on summary conviction, to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum;
(b)on conviction on indictment, to a fine or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to both.
(3)Subsection (1) above shall have effect without prejudice to the operation in relation to any offence under this Act—
(a)in England and Wales, of section 2 of the M8Criminal Law Act 1967 (which confers power to arrest without warrant) or of section 3 of that Act (use of force in making arrest etc.); or
(b)in Scotland, of any rule of law relating to power to arrest without warrant; or
(c)in Northern Ireland, of section 2 or 3 of the M9Criminal Law Act (Northern Ireland) 1967.
Textual Amendments
F1 Words substituted by Aviation and Maritime Security Act 1990 (c. 31, SIF 39:2) , s. 8 , Sch. 1 para. 1
Modifications etc. (not altering text)
C8 S. 7 extended (with modifications) (Jersey) (12.6.1993) by S.I. 1993/1251 , art. 2(1) , Sch. 1 Pt.I
S. 7 extended (with modifications) (Guernsey) (17.1.1998) by S.I. 1997/2989 , art. 2(1) , Sch. 1 Pt. I , II
Marginal Citations
M8 1967 c. 58 .
(1)Proceedings for an offence under any of the preceding provisions of this Part of this Act (other than sections 4 and 7) shall not be instituted—
(a)in England and Wales, except by, or with the consent of, the Attorney General; and
(b)in Northern Ireland, except by, or with the consent of, the Attorney General for Northern Ireland.
(2)As respects Scotland, for the purpose of conferring on the sheriff jurisdiction to entertain proceedings for an offence under or by virtue of section 2, 3 or 6(2)(b) or (c) of this Act, any such offence shall, without prejudice to any jurisdiction exercisable apart from this subsection, be deemed to have been committed in any place in Scotland where the offender may for the time being be.
Textual Amendments
F2 S. 9 repealed by Extradition Act 1989 (c. 33, SIF 48) , s. 37 , sch. 2