45.—(1) Anything done by a person in the course of his employment shall be treated for the purposes of this Part as also done by his employer, whether or not it was done with the employer's knowledge or approval.
(2) Anything done by a person as agent for another person with the authority of that other person shall be treated for the purposes of this Part as also done by that other person.
(3) Paragraph (2) applies whether the authority was—
(a)express or implied; or
(b)given before or after the act in question was done.
(4) Paragraphs (1) and (2) do not apply in relation to an offence under Article 44(4).
(5) In proceedings under this Part against any person in respect of an act alleged to have been done by an employee of his, it shall be a defence for that person to prove that he took such steps as were reasonably practicable to prevent the employee from—
(a)doing that act; or
(b)doing, in the course of his employment, acts of that description.