Section 4 – Commencement and retrospective effect
14.This section sets out the provisions for commencement and retrospection. Subsection (1) provides that the substantive provisions of the Act will come into operation on a date appointed by the DFP by commencement order. The remaining subsections explain the retrospective effect of the provisions of the Act. Subsection (2) provides that sections 1 and 2 of the Act are to be treated for all purposes as always having had effect. This is necessary in order to fully address the effect of the decision in Johnston, because an authoritative statement of the law by the HoL is considered to state the law as it has always been. Subsection (3) qualifies the effect of subsection (2) by providing that sections 1 and 2 do not have effect in relation to claims settled, or legal proceedings determined, before the date the Act comes into operation. The effect of subsections (2) and (3) is that claimants in cases which have not been settled, or determined by a court, before the Act comes into operation will be able to raise, or continue, an action for damages.