[ANNEX IIIA U.K. VERIFYING REAL DRIVING EMISSIONS
Appendix 7
Selection of vehicles for PEMS testing at initial type approval U.K.
1. INTRODUCTION U.K.
Due to their particular characteristics, PEMS tests are not required to be performed for each ‘ vehicle type with regard to emissions and vehicle repair and maintenance information ’ as defined in Article 2(1) of this Regulation, which is called in the following ‘ vehicle emission type ’ . Several vehicle emission types may be put together by the vehicle manufacturer to form a ‘ PEMS test family ’ according to the requirements of point 3, which shall be validated according to the requirements of point 4.
2. SYMBOLS, PARAMETERS AND UNITS U.K.
N
—
Number of vehicle emission types
NT
—
Minimum number of vehicle emission types
PMR H
—
highest power-to-mass-ratio of all vehicles in the PEMS test family
PMR L
—
lowest power-to-mass-ratio of all vehicles in the PEMS test family
V_eng_max
—
maximum engine volume of all vehicles within the PEMS test family.
3. PEMS TEST FAMILY BUILDING U.K.
A PEMS test family shall comprise vehicles with similar emission characteristics. Upon the choice of the manufacturer vehicle emission types may be included in a PEMS test family only if they are identical with respect to the characteristics in points 3.1 and 3.2.
3.1. Administrative criteria U.K.
3.1.1. The approval authority issuing the emission type approval according to Regulation (EC) 715/2007. U.K.
3.1.2. A single vehicle manufacturer. U.K.
3.2. Technical criteria U.K.
3.2.1. Propulsion type (e.g. ICE, HEV, PHEV). U.K.
3.2.2. Type(s) of fuel(s) (e.g. petrol, diesel, LPG, NG, …). Bi- or flex-fuelled vehicles may be grouped with other vehicles, with which they have one of the fuels in common. U.K.
3.2.3. Combustion process (e.g. two stroke, four stroke) U.K.
3.2.4. Number of cylinders U.K.
3.2.5. Configuration of the cylinder block (e.g. in-line, V, radial, horizontally opposed) U.K.
3.2.6. Engine volume U.K.
The vehicle manufacturer shall specify a value V_eng_max (= maximum engine volume of all vehicles within the PEMS test family). The engine volumes of vehicles in the PEMS test family shall not deviate more than – 22 % from V_eng_max if V_eng_max ≥ 1 500 ccm and – 32 % from V_eng_max if V_eng_max < 1 500 ccm.
3.2.7. Method of engine fuelling (e.g. indirect or direct or combined injection) U.K.
3.2.8. Type of cooling system (e.g. air, water, oil) U.K.
3.2.9. Method of aspiration such as naturally aspirated, pressure charged, type of pressure charger (e.g. externally driven, single or multiple turbo, variable geometries, …) U.K.
3.2.10. Types and sequence of exhaust after-treatment components (e.g. three-way catalyst, oxidation catalyst, lean NO x trap, SCR, lean NOx catalyst, particulate trap). U.K.
3.2.11. Exhaust gas recirculation (with or without, internal/external, cooled/non-cooled, low/high pressure). U.K.
3.3. Extension of a PEMS test family U.K.
An existing PEMS test family may be extended by adding new vehicle emission types to it. The extended PEMS test family and its validation must also fulfil the requirements of points 3 and 4. This may in particular require the PEMS testing of additional vehicles to validate the extended PEMS test family according to point 4.
3.4. Alternative PEMS test family U.K.
As an alternative to the provisions of points 3.1 to 3.2 the vehicle manufacturer may define a PEMS test family, which is identical to a single vehicle emission type. In this the requirement of point 4.1.2 for validating the PEMS test family shall not apply.
4. VALIDATION OF A PEMS TEST FAMILY U.K.
4.1. General requirements for validating a PEMS test family U.K.
4.1.1. The vehicle manufacturer presents a representative vehicle of the PEMS test family to the type-approval authority. The vehicle shall be subject to a PEMS test carried out by a Technical Service to demonstrate compliance of the representative vehicle with the requirements of this Annex. U.K.
4.1.2. The authority responsible for issuing the emission type-approval in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 selects additional vehicles according to the requirements of point 4.2 of this Appendix for PEMS testing carried out by a Technical Service to demonstrate compliance of the selected vehicles with the requirements of this Annex. The technical criteria for selection of an additional vehicle according to point 4.2 of this Appendix shall be recorded with the test results. U.K.
[4.1.3. With agreement of the type-approval authority, a PEMS test can also be driven by a different operator witnessed by a Technical Service, provided that at least the tests of the vehicles required by points 4.2.2 and 4.2.6 of this Appendix] and in total at least 50 % of the PEMS tests required by this Appendix for validating the PEMS test family are driven by a Technical Service. In such case the Technical Service remains responsible for the proper execution of all PEMS tests pursuant to the requirements of this Annex. U.K.
4.1.4. A PEMS test results of a specific vehicle may be used for validating different PEMS test families according to the requirements of this Appendix under the following conditions: U.K.
the vehicles included in all PEMS test families to be validated are approved by a single authority according to the requirements of Regulation (EC) 715/2007 and this authority agrees to the use of the specific vehicle's PEMS test results for validating different PEMS test families,
each PEMS test family to be validated includes a vehicle emission type, which comprises the specific vehicle;
For each validation the applicable responsibilities are considered to be borne by the manufacturer of the vehicles in the respective family, regardless of whether this manufacturer was involved in the PEMS test of the specific vehicle emission type.
4.2. Selection of vehicles for PEMS testing when validating a PEMS test family U.K.
By selecting vehicles from a PEMS test family it should be ensured that the following technical characteristics relevant for pollutant emissions are covered by a PEMS test. One vehicle selected for testing can be representative for different technical characteristics. For the validation of a PEMS test family vehicles shall be selected for PEMS testing as follows:
4.2.1. For each combination of fuels (e.g. petrol-LPG, petrol-NG, petrol only), on which some vehicle of the PEMS test family can operate, at least one vehicle that can operate on this combination of fuels shall be selected for PEMS testing. U.K.
4.2.2. The manufacturer shall specify a value PMR H (= highest power-to-mass-ratio of all vehicles in the PEMS test family) and a value PMR L (= lowest power-to-mass-ratio of all vehicles in the PEMS test family). Here the ‘power-to-mass-ratio’ corresponds to the ratio of the maximum net power of the internal combustion engine as indicated in point 3.2.1.8 of Appendix 3 to Annex I of this Regulation and of the reference mass as defined in Article 3(3) of Regulation (EC) No 715/2007. At least one vehicle configuration representative for the specified PMR H and one vehicle configuration representative for the specified PMR L of a PEMS test family shall be selected for testing. If the power-to-mass ratio of a vehicle deviates by not more than 5 % from the specified value for PMR H , or PMR L , the vehicle should be considered as representative for this value. U.K.
4.2.3. At least one vehicle for each transmission type (e.g. manual, automatic, DCT) installed in vehicles of the PEMS test family shall be selected for testing. U.K.
4.2.4. At least one four-wheel drive vehicle (4 × 4 vehicle) shall be selected for testing if such vehicles are part of the PEMS test family. U.K.
4.2.5. For each engine volume occurring on a vehicle in the PEMS family at least one representative vehicle shall be tested. U.K.
4.2.6. At least one vehicle for each number of installed exhaust after-treatment components shall be selected for testing. U.K.
4.2.7. Notwithstanding the provisions in points 4.2.1 to 4.2.6, at least the following number of vehicle emission types of a given PEMS test family shall be selected for testing: U.K.
| |
| Number N of vehicle emission types in a PEMS test family | Minimum number NT of vehicle emission types selected for PEMS testing |
|---|
| 1 | 1 |
| from 2 to 4 | 2 |
| from 5 to 7 | 3 |
| from 8 to 10 | 4 |
| from 11 to 49 | NT = 3 + 0,1 × N |
| more than 49 | NT = 0,15 × N |
5. REPORTING U.K.
5.1. The vehicle manufacturer provides a full description of the PEMS test family, which includes in particular the technical criteria described in point 3.2 and submits it to the responsible type approval authority. U.K.
5.2. The manufacturer attributes a unique identification number of the format MS-OEM-X-Y to the PEMS test family and communicates it to the type approval authority. Here MS is the distinguishing number of the Member State issuing the EC type-approval () , OEM is the 3 character manufacturer, X is a sequential number identifying the original PEMS test family and Y is a counter for its extensions (starting with 0 for a PEMS test family not extended yet). U.K.
5.3. The type approval authority and the vehicle manufacturer shall maintain a list of vehicle emission types being part of a given PEMS test family on the basis of emission type approval numbers. For each emission type all corresponding combinations of vehicle type approval numbers, types, variants and versions as defined in Sections 0.10 and 0.2 of the vehicle's EC certificate of conformity shall be provided as well. U.K.
5.4. The type approval authority and the vehicle manufacturer shall maintain a list of vehicle emission types selected for PEMS testing in order validate a PEMS test family in accordance with point 4, which also provides the necessary information on how the selection criteria of point 4.2 are covered. This list shall also indicate whether the provisions of point 4.1.3 were applied for a particular PEMS test.] U.K.