This pressure equipment includes:

• steam and hot-water generators as referred to in Article 4(1)(b), such as fired steam and hot-water boilers, superheaters and reheaters, waste-heat boilers, waste incineration boilers, electrode or immersion-type electrically heated boilers, pressure cookers, together with their accessories and where applicable their systems for treatment of feedwater and for fuel supply,

• process-heating equipment for other than steam and hot water generation falling under Article 4(1)(a), such as heaters for chemical and other similar processes and pressurised food-processing equipment.

This pressure equipment shall be calculated, designed and constructed so as to avoid or minimise risks of a significant loss of containment from overheating. In particular it shall be ensured, where applicable, that:

1. (a)

   appropriate means of protection are provided to restrict operating parameters such as heat input, heat take-off and, where applicable, fluid level so as to avoid any risk of local and general overheating;

2. (b)

   sampling points are provided where required to allow evaluation of the properties of the fluid so as to avoid risks related to deposits and/or corrosion;

3. (c)

   adequate provisions are made to eliminate risks of damage from deposits;

4. (d)

   means of safe removal of residual heat after shutdown are provided;

5. (e)

   steps are taken to avoid a dangerous accumulation of ignitable mixtures of combustible substances and air, or flame blowback.