Directive 2014/45/EU of the European Parliament and of the CouncilShow full title

Directive 2014/45/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 3 April 2014 on periodic roadworthiness tests for motor vehicles and their trailers and repealing Directive 2009/40/EC (Text with EEA relevance)

[X15. AXLES, WHEELS, TYRES AND SUSPENSION U.K.

5.1. Axles U.K.
5.1.1. Axles
Visual inspection with vehicle over a pit or on a hoist. Wheel play detectors may be used and are recommended for vehicles having a maximum mass exceeding 3,5 tonnes
(a) Axle fractured or deformed.
X
(b) Insecure fixing to vehicle.
X
Stability impaired, functionality affected: Extensive movement relative to its fixtures. X
(c) Unsafe modification 3 .
X
Stability impaired, functionality affected, insufficient clearance to other vehicle parts or to the ground. X
5.1.2. Stub axles
Visual inspection with vehicle over a pit or on a hoist. Wheel play detectors may be used and are recommended for vehicles having a maximum mass exceeding 3,5 tonnes. Apply a vertical or lateral force to each wheel and note the amount of movement between the axle beam and stub axle.
(a) Stub axle fractured.
X
(b) Excessive wear in the swivel pin and/or bushes.
X
Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. X
(c) Excessive movement between stub axle and axle beam.
X
Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. X
(d) Stub axle pin loose in axle.
X
Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. X
5.1.3. Wheel bearings
Visual inspection with the vehicle over a pit or on a hoist. Wheel play detectors may be used and are recommended for vehicles having a maximum mass exceeding 3,5 tonnes. Rock the wheel or apply a lateral force to each wheel and note the amount of upward movement of the wheel relative to the stub axle.
(a) Excessive play in a wheel bearing.
X
Directional stability impaired; danger of demolishment. X
(b) Wheel bearing too tight, jammed.
X
Danger of overheating; danger of demolishment. X
Item Method Reasons for failure Assessment of deficiencies
Minor Major Dangerous
5.2. Wheels and tyres U.K.
5.2.1. Road wheel hub
Visual inspection.
(a) Any wheel nuts or studs missing or loose.
X
Missing fixing or loose to an extent which very seriously affects road safety. X
(b) Hub worn or damaged.
X
Hub worn or damaged in such a way that secure fixing of wheels is affected. X
5.2.2. Wheels
Visual inspection of both sides of each wheel with vehicle over a pit or on a hoist.
(a) Any fracture or welding defect.
X
(b) Tyre retaining rings not properly fitted.
X
Likely to come off. X
(c) Wheel badly distorted or worn.
X
Secure fixing to hub affected; secure fixing of tyre affected. X
(d) Wheel size, technical design, compatibility or type not in accordance with the requirements 1 and affecting road safety.
X
5.2.3. Tyres
Visual inspection of the entire tyre by either rotating the road wheel with it off the ground and the vehicle over a pit or on a hoist, or by rolling the vehicle backwards and forwards over a pit.
(a) Tyre size, load capacity, approval mark or speed category not in accordance with the requirements 1 and affecting road safety.
X
Insufficient load capacity or speed category for actual use, tyre touches other fixed vehicle parts impairing safe driving. X
(b) Tyres on same axle or on twin wheels of different sizes.
X
Item Method Reasons for failure Assessment of deficiencies
Minor Major Dangerous
(c) Tyres on same axle of different construction (radial/ cross-ply).
X
(d) Any serious damage or cut to tyre.
X
Cord visible or damaged. X
(e) Tyre tread wear indicator becomes exposed.
X
Tyre tread depth not in accordance with the requirements 1 . X
(f) Tyre rubbing against other components (flexible anti spray devices).
X
Tyre rubbing against other components (safe driving not impaired) X
(g) Re-grooved tyres not in accordance with requirements 1 .
X
Cord protection layer affected. X
(h) Tyre pressure monitoring system malfunctioning or tyre obviously underinflated.
X
Obviously inoperative. X
5.3. Suspension system U.K.
5.3.1. Springs and stabiliser
Visual inspection with vehicle over a pit or on a hoist. Wheel play detectors may be used and are recommended for vehicles having a maximum mass exceeding 3,5 tonnes
(a) Insecure attachment of springs to chassis or axle.
X
Relative movement visible. fixings very seriously loose. X
(b) A damaged or fractured spring component.
X
Main spring (-leaf), or additional leafs very seriously affected. X
Item Method Reasons for failure Assessment of deficiencies
Minor Major Dangerous
(c) Spring missing
X
Main spring (-leaf), or additional leafs very seriously affected. X
(d) Unsafe modification 3
X
Insufficient clearance to other vehicle parts; spring system inoperative. X
5.3.2. Shock absorbers
Visual inspection with vehicle over a pit or on a hoist or using special equipment, if available.
(a) Insecure attachment of shock absorbers to chassis or axle.
X
Shock absorber loose. X
(b) Damaged shock absorber showing signs of severe leakage or malfunction.
X
5.3.2.1. efficiency testing of damping (X) 2
Use special equipment and compare left/right differences
(a) Significant difference between left and right.
X
(b) Given minimum values not reached.
X
5.3.3. Torque tubes, radius arms, wishbones and suspension arms
Visual inspection with vehicle over a pit or on a hoist. Wheel play detectors may be used and are recommended for vehicles having a maximum mass exceeding 3,5 tonnes
(a) Insecure attachment of component to chassis or axle.
X
Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. X
(b) A damaged or excessively corroded component.
X
Stability of component affected or component fractured. X
(c) Unsafe modification 3 .
X
Insufficient clearance to other vehicle parts; system inoperative. X
Item Method Reasons for failure Assessment of deficiencies
Minor Major Dangerous
5.3.4. Suspension joints
Visual inspection with vehicle over a pit or on a hoist. Wheel play detectors may be used and are recommended for vehicles having a maximum mass exceeding 3,5 tonnes
(a) Excessive wear in swivel pin and/or bushes or at suspension joints.
X
Likelihood of loosening; directional stability impaired. X
(b) Dust cover severely deteriorated.
X
Dust cover missing or fractured. X
5.3.5. Air suspension
Visual inspection
(a) System inoperable.
X
(b) Any component damaged, modified or deteriorated in a way that would adversely affect the functioning of the system.
X
Functioning of system seriously affected. X
(c) Audible system leakage.
X ]

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