Directive 2005/55/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 September 2005 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the measures to be taken against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from compression-ignition engines for use in vehicles, and the emission of gaseous pollutants from positive-ignition engines fuelled with natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas for use in vehicles (Text with EEA relevance) (repealed)
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The total diluted exhaust gas flow over the cycle (kg/test) shall be calculated from the measurement values over the cycle and the corresponding calibration data of the flow measurement device (V0 for PDP or KV for CFV, as determined in Annex III, Appendix 5, Section 2). The following formulae shall be applied, if the temperature of the diluted exhaust is kept constant over the cycle by using a heat exchanger (± 6 K for a PDP-CVS, ± 11 K for a CFV-CVS, see Annex V, Section 2.3).
For the PDP-CVS system:
MTOTW = 1,293 × V0 × Np × (pB – p1) × 273 / (101,3 × T)
where:
=
mass of the diluted exhaust gas on wet basis over the cycle, kg
=
volume of gas pumped per revolution under test conditions, m3/rev
=
total revolutions of pump per test
=
atmospheric pressure in the test cell, kPa
=
pressure depression below atmospheric at pump inlet, kPa
=
average temperature of the diluted exhaust gas at pump inlet over the cycle, K
For the CFV-CVS system:
MTOTW = 1,293 × t × Kv × pA / T0,5
where:
=
mass of the diluted exhaust gas on wet basis over the cycle, kg
=
cycle time, s
=
calibration coefficient of the critical flow venturi for standard conditions
=
absolute pressure at venturi inlet, kPa
=
absolute temperature at venturi inlet, K
If a system with flow compensation is used (i.e. without heat exchanger), the instantaneous mass emissions shall be calculated and integrated over the cycle. In this case, the instantaneous mass of the diluted exhaust gas shall be calculated as follows:
For the PDP-CVS system:
MTOTW,i = 1,293 × V0 × Np,i × (pB – p1) × 273 / (101,3 × T)
where:
=
instantaneous mass of the diluted exhaust gas on wet basis, kg
=
total revolutions of pump per time interval
For the CFV-CVS system:
MTOTW,i = 1,293 × Δti × Kv × pA / T0,5
where:
=
instantaneous mass of the diluted exhaust gas on wet basis, kg
=
time interval, s
If the total sample mass of particulates (MSAM) and gaseous pollutants exceeds 0,5 % of the total CVS flow (MTOTW), the CVS flow shall be corrected for MSAM or the particulate sample flow shall be returned to the CVS prior to the flow measuring device (PDP or CFV).
As the NOx emission depends on ambient air conditions, the NOx concentration shall be corrected for ambient air humidity with the factors given in the following formulae:
where:
=
humidity of the intake air water per kg dry air
in which:
=
relative humidity of the intake air, %
=
saturation vapour pressure of the intake air, kPa
=
total barometric pressure, kPa
For systems with heat exchanger, the mass of the pollutants (g/test) shall be determined from the following equations:
[(1)]
[(2)]
[(3)]
[(4)]
[(5)]
[(6)]
[(7)]
where:
=
average background corrected concentrations over the cycle from integration (mandatory for NOx and HC) or bag measurement, ppm
=
total mass of diluted exhaust gas over the cycle as determined in Section 4.1, kg
=
humidity correction factor for diesel engines as determined in Section 4.2
=
humidity correction factor for gas engines as determined in Section 4.2
Concentrations measured on a dry basis shall be converted to a wet basis in accordance with Annex III, Appendix 1, Section 4.2.
The determination of NMHCconc depends on the method used (see Annex III, Appendix 4, Section 3.3.4). In both cases, the CH4 concentration shall be determined and subtracted from the HC concentration as follows:
where:
=
HC concentration with the sample gas flowing through the NMC
=
HC concentration with the sample gas bypassing the NMC
=
methane efficiency as determined per Annex III, Appendix 5, Section 1.8.4.1
=
ethane efficiency as determined per Annex III, Appendix 5, Section 1.8.4.2
The average background concentration of the gaseous pollutants in the dilution air shall be subtracted from measured concentrations to get the net concentrations of the pollutants. The average values of the background concentrations can be determined by the sample bag method or by continuous measurement with integration. The following formula shall be used.
where:
=
concentration of the respective pollutant in the diluted exhaust gas, corrected by the amount of the respective pollutant contained in the dilution air, ppm
=
concentration of the respective pollutant measured in the diluted exhaust gas, ppm
=
concentration of the respective pollutant measured in the dilution air, ppm
=
dilution factor
The dilution factor shall be calculated as follows:
where:
=
concentration of CO2 in the diluted exhaust gas, % vol
=
concentration of HC in the diluted exhaust gas, ppm C1
=
concentration of NMHC in the diluted exhaust gas, ppm C1
=
concentration of CO in the diluted exhaust gas, ppm
=
stoichiometric factor
Concentrations measured on dry basis shall be converted to a wet basis in accordance with Annex III, Appendix 1, Section 4.2.
The stoichiometric factor shall be calculated as follows:
where:
=
fuel composition CxHy
Alternatively, if the fuel composition is not known, the following stoichiometric factors may be used:
=
13,4
=
11,6
=
9,5
For systems without heat exchanger, the mass of the pollutants (g/test) shall be determined by calculating the instantaneous mass emissions and integrating the instantaneous values over the cycle. Also, the background correction shall be applied directly to the instantaneous concentration value. The following formulae shall be applied:
[(1)]
[(2)]
[(3)]
[(4)]
[(5)]
[(6)]
[(7)]
where:
=
concentration of the respective pollutant measured in the diluted exhaust gas, ppm
=
concentration of the respective pollutant measured in the dilution air, ppm
=
instantaneous mass of the diluted exhaust gas (see Section 4.1), kg
=
total mass of diluted exhaust gas over the cycle (see Section 4.1), kg
=
humidity correction factor for diesel engines as determined in Section 4.2
=
humidity correction factor for gas engines as determined in Section 4.2
=
dilution factor as determined in Section 4.3.1.1
The emissions (g/kWh) shall be calculated for all individual components in the following way:
where:
=
actual cycle work as determined in Section 3.9.2, kWh
Based on C1 equivalent.
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