Directive 2005/55/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (repealed)Show full title

2. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

For the purposes of this Directive:

2.1. ‘test cycle’ means a sequence of test points each with a defined speed and torque to be followed by the engine under steady state (ESC test) or transient operating conditions (ETC, ELR test);

2.2. ‘approval of an engine (engine family)’ means the approval of an engine type (engine family) with regard to the level of the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants;

2.3. ‘diesel engine’ means an engine which works on the compression-ignition principle;

2.4. ‘gas engine’ means an engine which is fuelled with natural gas (NG) or liquid petroleum gas (LPG);

2.5. ‘engine type’ means a category of engines which do not differ in such essential respects as engine characteristics as defined in Annex II to this Directive;

2.6. ‘engine family’ means a manufacturers grouping of engines which, through their design as defined in Annex II, Appendix 2 to this Directive, have similar exhaust emission characteristics; all members of the family must comply with the applicable emission limit values;

2.7. ‘parent engine’ means an engine selected from an engine family in such a way that its emissions characteristics will be representative for that engine family;

2.8. ‘gaseous pollutants’ means carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons (assuming a ratio of CH_1,85 for diesel, CH_2,525 for LPG and CH_2,93 for NG (NMHC), and an assumed molecule CH₃O_0,5 for ethanol-fuelled diesel engines), methane (assuming a ratio of CH₄ for NG) and oxides of nitrogen, the last named being expressed in nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) equivalent;

2.9. ‘particulate pollutants’ means any material collected on a specified filter medium after diluting the exhaust with clean filtered air so that the temperature does not exceed 325 K (52 ^oC);

2.10. ‘smoke’ means particles suspended in the exhaust stream of a diesel engine which absorb, reflect, or refract light;

2.11. ‘net power’ means the power in EC kW obtained on the test bench at the end of the crankshaft, or its equivalent, measured in accordance with the EC method of measuring power as set out in Council Directive 80/1269/EEC of 16 December 1980on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the engine power of motor vehicles(1);

2.12. ‘declared maximum power (P_max)’ means the maximum power in EC kW (net power) as declared by the manufacturer in his application for type-approval;

2.13. ‘per cent load’ means the fraction of the maximum available torque at an engine speed;

2.14. ‘ESC test’ means a test cycle consisting of 13 steady state modes to be applied in accordance with Section 6.2 of this Annex;

2.15. ‘ELR test’ means a test cycle consisting of a sequence of load steps at constant engine speeds to be applied in accordance with Section 6.2 of this Annex;

2.16. ‘ETC test’ means a test cycle consisting of 1 800 second-by-second transient modes to be applied in accordance with Section 6.2 of this Annex;

2.17. ‘engine operating speed range’ means the engine speed range, most frequently used during engine field operation, which lies between the low and high speeds, as set out in Annex III to this Directive;

2.18. ‘low speed (n_lo)’ means the lowest engine speed where 50 % of the declared maximum power occurs;

2.19. ‘high speed (n_hi)’ means the highest engine speed where 70 % of the declared maximum power occurs;

2.20. ‘engine speeds A, B and C’ means the test speeds within the engine operating speed range to be used for the ESC test and the ELR test, as set out in Annex III, Appendix 1 to this Directive;

2.21. ‘control area’ means the area between the engine speeds A and C and between 25 to 100 per cent load;

2.22. ‘reference speed (n_ref)’ means the 100 per cent speed value to be used for denormalising the relative speed values of the ETC test, as set out in Annex III, Appendix 2 to this Directive;

2.23. ‘opacimeter’ means an instrument designed to measure the opacity of smoke particles by means of the light extinction principle;

2.24. ‘NG gas range’ means one of the H or L range as defined in European Standard EN 437, dated November 1993;

2.25. ‘self adaptability’ means any engine device allowing the air/fuel ratio to be kept constant;

2.26. ‘recalibration’ means a fine tuning of an NG engine in order to provide the same performance (power, fuel consumption) in a different range of natural gas;

2.27. ‘Wobbe Index (lower W_l; or upper W_u)’ means the ratio of the corresponding calorific value of a gas per unit volume and the square root of its relative density under the same reference conditions:

2.28. ‘λ-shift factor (S_λ)’ means an expression that describes the required flexibility of the engine management system regarding a change of the excess-air ratio λ if the engine is fuelled with a gas composition different from pure methane (see Annex VII for the calculation of S_λ);

2.29. ‘defeat device’ means a device which measures, senses or responds to operating variables (e.g. vehicle speed, engine speed, gear used, temperature, intake pressure or any other parameter) for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying or deactivating the operation of any component or function of the emission control system such that the effectiveness of the emission control system is reduced under conditions encountered during normal vehicle use unless the use of such a device is substantially included in the applied emission certification test procedures.

2.30. ‘auxiliary control device’ means a system, function or control strategy installed to an engine or on a vehicle, that is used to protect the engine and/or its ancillary equipment against operating conditions that could result in damage or failure, or is used to facilitate engine starting. An auxiliary control device may also be a strategy or measure that has been satisfactorily demonstrated not to be a defeat device;

2.31. ‘irrational emission control strategy’ means any strategy or measure that, when the vehicle is operated under normal conditions of use, reduces the effectiveness of the emission control system to a level below that expected on the applicable emission test procedures.

2.32. Symbols and abbreviations

2.32.1. Symbols for test parameters

Symbol	Unit	Term
AP	m2	Cross sectional area of the isokinetic sampling probe
AT	m2	Cross sectional area of the exhaust pipe
CEE	—	Ethane efficiency
CEM	—	Methane efficiency
C1	—	Carbon 1 equivalent hydrocarbon
conc	ppm/vol. %	Subscript denoting concentration
D0	m3/s	Intercept of PDP calibration function
DF	—	Dilution factor
D	—	Bessel function constant
E	—	Bessel function constant
EZ	g/kWh	Interpolated NOx emission of the control point
fa	—	Laboratory atmospheric factor
fc	s-1	Bessel filter cut-off frequency
FFH	—	Fuel specific factor for the calculation of wet concentration for dry concentration
FS	—	Stoichiometric factor
GAIRW	kg/h	Intake air mass flow rate on wet basis
GAIRD	kg/h	Intake air mass flow rate on dry basis
GDILW	kg/h	Dilution air mass flow rate on wet basis
GEDFW	kg/h	Equivalent diluted exhaust gas mass flow rate on wet basis
GEXHW	kg/h	Exhaust gas mass flow rate on wet basis
GFUEL	kg/h	Fuel mass flow rate
GTOTW	kg/h	Diluted exhaust gas mass flow rate on wet basis
H	MJ/m3	Calorific value
HREF	g/kg	Reference value of absolute humidity (10,71g/kg)
Ha	g/kg	Absolute humidity of the intake air
Hd	g/kg	Absolute humidity of the dilution air
HTCRAT	mol/mol	Hydrogen-to-Carbon ratio
i	—	Subscript denoting an individual mode
K	—	Bessel constant
k	m-1	Light absorption coefficient
KH,D	—	Humidity correction factor for NOx for diesel engines
KH,G	—	Humidity correction factor for NOx for gas engines
KV		CFV calibration function
KW,a	—	Dry to wet correction factor for the intake air
KW,d	—	Dry to wet correction factor for the dilution air
KW,e	—	Dry to wet correction factor for the diluted exhaust gas
KW,r	—	Dry to wet correction factor for the raw exhaust gas
L	%	Percent torque related to the maximum torque for the test engine
La	m	Effective optical path length
m		Slope of PDP calibration function
mass	g/h or g	Subscript denoting emissions mass flow (rate)
MDIL	kg	Mass of the dilution air sample passed through the particulate sampling filters
Md	mg	Particulate sample mass of the dilution air collected
Mf	mg	Particulate sample mass collected
Mf,p	mg	Particulate sample mass collected on primary filter
Mf,b	mg	Particulate sample mass collected on back-up filter
MSAM		Mass of the diluted exhaust sample passed through the particulate sampling filters
MSEC	kg	Mass of secondary dilution air
MTOTW	kg	Total CVS mass over the cycle on wet basis
MTOTW,i	kg	Instantaneous CVS mass on wet basis
N	%	Opacity
NP	—	Total revolutions of PDP over the cycle
NP,i	—	Revolutions of PDP during a time interval
n	min-1	Engine speed
np	s-1	PDP speed
nhi	min-1	High engine speed
nlo	min-1	Low engine speed
nref	min-1	Reference engine speed for ETC test
pa	kPa	Saturation vapour pressure of the engine intake air
pA	kPa	Absolute pressure
pB	kPa	Total atmospheric pressure
pd	kPa	Saturation vapour pressure of the dilution air
ps	kPa	Dry atmospheric pressure
p1	kPa	Pressure depression at pump inlet
P(a)	kW	Power absorbed by auxiliaries to be fitted for test
P(b)	kW	Power absorbed by auxiliaries to be removed for test
P(n)	kW	Net power non-corrected
P(m)	kW	Power measured on test bed
Ω	—	Bessel constant
Qs	m3/s	CVS volume flow rate
q	—	Dilution ratio
r	—	Ratio of cross sectional areas of isokinetic probe and exhaust pipe
Ra	%	Relative humidity of the intake air
Rd	%	Relative humidity of the dilution air
Rf	—	FID response factor
ρ	kg/m3	Density
S	kW	Dynamometer setting
Si	m-1	Instantaneous smoke value
Sλ		λ-shift factor
T	K	Absolute temperature
Ta	K	Absolute temperature of the intake air
t	s	Measuring time
te	s	Electrical response time
tF	s	Filter response time for Bessel function
tp	s	Physical response time
Δt	s	Time interval between successive smoke data (= 1/sampling rate)
Δti	s	Time interval for instantaneous CFV flow
τ	%	Smoke transmittance
V0	m3/rev	PDP volume flow rate at actual conditions
W	—	Wobbe index
Wact	kWh	Actual cycle work of ETC
Wref	kWh	Reference cycle work of ETC
WF	—	Weighting factor
WFE	—	Effective weighting factor
X0	m3/rev	Calibration function of PDP volume flow rate
Yi	m-1	1 s Bessel averaged smoke value

2.32.2. Symbols for chemical components

CH4	Methane
C2H6	Ethane
C2H5OH	Ethanol
C3H8	Propane
CO	Carbon monoxide
DOP	Di-octylphtalate
CO2	Carbon dioxide
HC	Hydrocarbons
NMHC	Non-methane hydrocarbons
NOx	Oxides of nitrogen
NO	Nitric oxide
NO2	Nitrogen dioxide
PT	Particulates.

2.32.3. Abbreviations

CFV	Critical flow venturi
CLD	Chemiluminescent detector
ELR	European load response test
ESC	European steady state cycle
ETC	European transient cycle
FID	Flame ionisation detector
GC	Gas chromatograph
HCLD	Heated chemiluminescent detector
HFID	Heated flame ionisation detector
LPG	Liquefied petroleum gas
NDIR	Non-dispersive infrared analyser
NG	Natural gas
NMC	Non-methane cutter

(1)

OJ L 375, 31.12.1980, p. 46. Directive as last amended by Commission Directive 1999/99/EC (OJ L 334, 28.12.1999, p. 32).