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Technique | Applicability | |
---|---|---|
a | Use of a hooding system | For existing plants, applicable depending on the configuration of the plant |
b | Avoid casting by using ferro-alloys in the liquid state | Only applicable when the consumer (e.g. steel producer) is integrated with the ferro-alloy producer |
BAT-associated emission levels: See Table 46.
The applicability of a bag filter may be limited in the case of low ambient temperatures (– 20 °C to – 40 °C) and high humidity of the off-gases, as well as for the crushing of CaSi due to safety concerns (i.e. explosivity).
BAT-associated emission levels: See Table 46.
BAT-associated emission levels: See Table 46.
a Descriptions of the techniques are given in Section 1.10. | ||
Techniquea | Applicability | |
---|---|---|
a | Wet scrubber in combination with an ESP | Generally applicable |
b | Bag filter | Generally applicable unless safety concerns exist related to the CO and H2 content in the exhaust gases |
BAT-associated emission levels: See Table 46.
BAT-associated emission levels: See Table 46.
BAT-associated emission levels for dust emissions to air from ferro-alloys production
a As an average over the sampling period. | ||
b As a daily average or as an average over the sampling period. | ||
c The upper end of the range can be up to 10 mg/Nm3 for cases where a bag filter cannot be used. | ||
d The upper end of the range may be up to 15 mg/Nm3 for the production of FeMn, SiMn, CaSi due to the sticky nature of the dust (caused e.g. by its hygroscopic capacity or chemical characteristics) affecting the efficiency of the bag filter. | ||
e Dust emissions are expected to be towards the lower end of the range when emissions of metals are above the following levels: 1 mg/Nm3 for lead, 0,05 mg/Nm3 for cadmium, 0,05 mg/Nm3 for chromiumVI, 0,05 mg/Nm3 for thallium. | ||
Parameter | Process | BAT-AEL (mg/Nm3) |
---|---|---|
Dust |
| 2-5a |
Crushing, briquetting, pelletising and sintering | 2-5b c | |
Open or semi-closed submerged arc furnace | 2-5b d e | |
| 2-5b |
The associated monitoring is in BAT 10.
BAT-associated emission levels: See Table 47.
BAT-associated emission levels for PCDD/F emissions to air from a furnace producing ferro-alloys
a As an average over a sampling period of at least six hours. | |
Parameter | BAT-AEL (ng I-TEQ/Nm3) |
---|---|
PCDD/F | ≤ 0,05a |
The associated monitoring is in BAT 10.