Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2016/1032 of 13 June 2016 establishing best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, for the non-ferrous metals industries (notified under document C(2016) 3563) (Text with EEA relevance) (c. 1032)

ANNEX U.K. BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR THE NON-FERROUS METALS INDUSTRIES

1.2. BAT CONCLUSIONS FOR COPPER PRODUCTION U.K.

1.2.3. Air emissions U.K.

1.2.3.1. Diffuse emissions U.K.

BAT 25. In order to prevent or reduce diffuse emissions from pretreatment (such as blending, drying, mixing, homogenisation, screening and pelletisation) of primary and secondary materials, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below. U.K.

	Technique	Applicability
a	Use enclosed conveyers or pneumatic transfer systems for dusty materials	Generally applicable
b	Carry out activities with dusty materials such as mixing in an enclosed building	For existing plants, application may be difficult due to the space requirements
c	Use dust suppression systems such as water cannons or water sprinklers	Not applicable for mixing operations carried out indoors. Not applicable for processes that require dry materials. The application is also limited in regions with water shortages or with very low temperatures
d	Use enclosed equipment for operations with dusty material (such as drying, mixing, milling, air separation and pelletisation) with an air extraction system connected to an abatement system	Generally applicable
e	Use an extraction system for dusty and gaseous emissions, such as a hood in combination with a dust and gas abatement system	Generally applicable

BAT 26. In order to prevent or reduce diffuse emissions from charging, smelting and tapping operations in primary and secondary copper smelters and from holding and melting furnaces, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below. U.K.

a Description of the technique is given in Section 1.10.
	Technique	Applicability
a	Briquetting and pelletisation of raw materials	Applicable only when the process and the furnace can use pelletised raw materials
b	Enclosed charging system such as single jet burner, door sealinga, closed conveyers or feeders equipped with an air extraction system in combination with a dust and gas abatement system	The jet burner is applicable only for flash furnaces
c	Operate the furnace and gas route under negative pressure and at a sufficient gas extraction rate to prevent pressurisation	Generally applicable
d	Capture hood/enclosures at charging and tapping points in combination with an off-gas abatement system (e.g. housing/tunnel for ladle operation during tapping, and which is closed with a movable door/barrier equipped with a ventilation and abatement system)	Generally applicable
e	Encapsulate the furnace in vented housing	Generally applicable
f	Maintain furnace sealing	Generally applicable
g	Hold the temperature in the furnace at the lowest required level	Generally applicable
h	Boosted suction systemsa	Generally applicable
i	Enclosed building in combination with other techniques to collect the diffuse emissions	Generally applicable
j	Double bell charging system for shaft/blast furnaces	Generally applicable
k	Select and feed the raw materials according to the type of furnace and abatement techniques used	Generally applicable
l	Use of lids on throats of rotary anode furnace	Generally applicable

BAT 27. In order to reduce diffuse emissions from Peirce-Smith converter (PS) furnace in primary and secondary copper production, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below. U.K.

a Description of the technique is given in Section 1.10.
	Technique
a	Operate the furnace and gas route under negative pressure and at a sufficient gas extraction rate to prevent pressurisation
b	Oxygen enrichment
c	Primary hood over the converter opening to collect and transfer the primary emissions to an abatement system
d	Addition of materials (e.g. scrap and flux) through the hood
e	System of secondary hoods in addition to the main one to capture emissions during charging and tapping operations
f	Furnace located in enclosed building
g	Apply motor-driven secondary hoods, to move them according to the process stage, to increase the efficiency of the collection of secondary emissions
h	Boosted suction systemsa and automatic control to prevent blowing when the converter is ‘rolled out’ or ‘rolled in’

BAT 28. In order to reduce diffuse emissions from a Hoboken converter furnace in primary copper production, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below. U.K.

a Description of the technique is given in Section 1.10.
	Technique
a	Operate furnace and gas route under negative pressure during charging, skimming and tapping operations
b	Oxygen enrichment
c	Mouth with closed lids during operation
d	Boosted suction systemsa

BAT 29. In order to reduce diffuse emissions from the matte conversion process, BAT is to use a flash converting furnace. U.K.

Applicability U.K.

Applicable only to new plants or major upgrades of existing plants.

BAT 30. In order to reduce diffuse emissions from a top-blown rotary converter (TBRC) furnace in secondary copper production, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below. U.K.

a Description of the technique is given in Section 1.10.
	Technique	Applicability
a	Operate the furnace and gas route under negative pressure and at a sufficient gas extraction rate to prevent pressurisation	Generally applicable
b	Oxygen enrichment	Generally applicable
c	Furnace located in enclosed building in combination with techniques to collect and transfer diffuse emissions from charging and tapping to an abatement system	Generally applicable
d	Primary hood over the converter opening to collect and transfer the primary emissions to an abatement system	Generally applicable
e	Hoods or crane integrated hood to collect and transfer the emissions from charging and tapping operations to an abatement system	For existing plants, a crane integrated hood is only applicable to major upgrades of the furnace hall
f	Addition of materials (e.g. scrap and flux) through the hood	Generally applicable
g	Boosted suction systema	Generally applicable

BAT 31. In order to reduce diffuse emissions from copper recovery with a slag concentrator, BAT is to use the techniques given below. U.K.

	Technique
a	Dust suppression techniques such as a water spray for handling, storage and crushing of slag
b	Grinding and flotation performed with water
c	Delivery of the slag to the final storage area via hydro transport in a closed pipeline
d	Maintain a water layer in the pond or use a dust suppressant such as lime milk in dry areas

BAT 32. In order to reduce diffuse emissions from copper-rich slag furnace treatment, BAT is to use a combination of the techniques given below. U.K.

	Technique
a	Dust suppression techniques such as a water spray for handling, storage and crushing of the final slag
b	Operation of the furnace under negative pressure
c	Enclosed furnace
d	Housing, enclosure and hood to collect and transfer the emissions to an abatement system
e	Covered launder

BAT 33. In order to reduce diffuse emissions from anode casting in primary and secondary copper production, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below. U.K.

	Technique
a	Use an enclosed tundish
b	Use a closed intermediate ladle
c	Use a hood, equipped with an air extraction system, over the casting ladle and over the casting wheel

BAT 34. In order to reduce diffuse emissions from electrolysis cells, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below. U.K.

	Technique	Applicability
a	Addition of surfactants to the electrowinning cells	Generally applicable
b	Use covers or a hood to collect and transfer the emissions to an abatement system	Only applicable for electrowinning cells or refining cells for low-purity anodes. Not applicable when the cell needs to remain uncovered to maintain the cell temperature at workable levels (approximately 65 °C)
c	Closed and fixed pipelines for transferring the electrolyte solutions	Generally applicable
d	Gas extraction from the washing chambers of the cathode stripping machine and anode scrap washing machine	Generally applicable

BAT 35. In order to reduce diffuse emissions from the casting of copper alloys, BAT is to use one or a combination of the techniques given below. U.K.

a Description of the technique is given in Section 1.10.
	Technique
a	Use enclosures or hoods to collect and transfer the emissions to an abatement system
b	Use covering for the melts in holding and casting furnaces
c	Boosted suction systema

BAT 36. In order to reduce diffuse emissions from non-acid and acid pickling, BAT is to use one of the techniques given below. U.K.

	Technique	Applicability
a	Encapsulate the pickling line with a solution of isopropanol operating in a closed circuit	Only applicable for pickling of copper wire rod in continuous operations
b	Encapsulate the pickling line to collect and transfer the emissions to an abatement system	Only applicable for acid pickling in continuous operations