22. Coal, coke and natural gas used as a chemical reductant for ironmaking, for example, in blast furnaces.
23. Coke breeze used in a sinter plant to assist in the agglomeration of iron ore and its subsequent chemical reduction in blast furnaces.
24. Coke injected into electric arc furnaces to control the chemistry of the steel and the steelmaking slag.
25. Coke charged to electric arc furnaces to control the oxygen activity of the steel melt.
26. Coke used as a carburiser in iron casting.
27. Gases used for vacuum reduction in metal powder production and to maintain carbon content in metal during the sintering process.
28. Reduction furnaces for the production of lead.
29. Reduction of chlorine.
30. Use to form reducing atmospheres, for example, in the refining and manipulation of molten copper to control oxygen levels. Also use in ASARCO (American Smelting and Refining Company) shaft furnaces, deoxidisation of copper swarf and annealing of copper and copper alloys to provide a reducing atmosphere.
31. Natural gas used as both a fuel and reductant in emission control systems, for example, in the reduction of oxides of nitrogen. Natural gas used in the manufacture of methacrylate monomers and polymers including that natural gas used for emission control which is an integral and essential part of the manufacturing process.
32. Gases used to maintain or increase the carbon content of metals during heat treatment.
33. Anthracite used as a reductant in the smelting of precious metals.
34. Coke as a source of carbon dioxide used in the Ammonia Soda process for the production of soda ash.