Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 2016 Explanatory Notes

1. Introduction

2. Overview of the Act

   1. Part 1 – Arrest and Custody

      1. Chapter 1 – Arrest by police

         1. Arrest without warrant

            1. Section 1 – Power of a constable

            2. Section 2 – Exercise of the power

         2. Procedure following arrest

            1. Section 3 – Information to be given on arrest

            2. Section 4 – Arrested person to be taken to police station

            3. Section 5 – Information to be given at police station

            4. Section 6 – Information to be recorded by police

      2. Chapter 2 – Custody: person not officially accused

         1. Keeping person in custody

            1. Section 7 – Authorisation for keeping in custody

            2. Section 8 – Information to be given on authorisation

            3. Section 9 – 12 hour limit: general rule

            4. Section 10 – 12 hour limit: previous period

            5. Section 11 – Authorisation for keeping in custody beyond 12 hour limit

            6. Section 12 – Information to be given on authorisation under section 11

            7. Section 13 – Custody review

            8. Section 14 – Test for sections 7, 11 and 13

            9. Section 15 – Medical treatment

         2. Investigative liberation

            1. Section 16 – Release on conditions

            2. Section 17 – Conditions ceasing to apply

            3. Section 18 – Modification or removal of conditions

            4. Section 19 – Review of conditions

      3. Chapter 3 – Custody: person officially accused

         1. Person to be brought before court

            1. Section 20 – Information to be given if sexual offence

            2. Section 21 – Person to be brought before court

            3. Section 22 – Under 18s to be kept in a place of safety prior to court

            4. Section 23 – Notice to parent that under 18 to be brought before court

            5. Section 24 – Notice to local authority that under 18 to be brought before court

         2. Police liberation

            1. Section 25 – Liberation by police

            2. Section 26 – Release on undertaking

            3. Section 27 – Modification of undertaking

            4. Section 28 – Rescission of undertaking

            5. Section 29– Expiry of Undertaking

            6. Section 30 – Review of undertaking

      4. Chapter 4 – Police interview

         1. Rights of suspects

            1. Section 31 – Information to be given before interview

            2. Section 32 – Right to have solicitor present

            3. Section 33 – Consent to interview without solicitor

         2. Person not officially accused

            1. Section 34 – Questioning following arrest

         3. Person officially accused

            1. Section 35 – Authorisation for questioning

            2. Section 36 – Authorisation: further provision

            3. Section 37 – Arrest to facilitate questioning

      5. Chapter 5 – Rights of suspects in police custody

         1. Intimation and access to another person

            1. Section 38 – Right to have intimation sent to other person

            2. Section 39 – Right to have intimation sent: under 18s

            3. Section 40 – Right of under 18s to have access to other person

            4. Section 41 – Social work involvement in relation to under 18s

         2. Vulnerable persons

            1. Section 42 – Support for vulnerable persons

         3. Intimation and access to a solicitor

            1. Section 43 – Right to have intimation sent to solicitor

            2. Section 44 – Right to consultation with solicitor

      6. Chapter 6 – Police powers and duties

         1. Powers of police

            1. Section 45 – Use of reasonable force

            2. Section 46 – Common law power of entry

            3. Section 47 – Common law power of search etc.

            4. Section 48 – Power of search etc. on arrest

            5. Section 49 – Taking drunk persons to designated place

         2. Duties of police

            1. Section 50 – Duty not to detain unnecessarily

            2. Section 51 – Duty to consider child’s wellbeing

            3. Section 52 – Duties in relation to children in custody

            4. Section 53 – Duty to inform Principal Reporter if child not being prosecuted

      7. Chapter 7 – General

         1. Common law and enactments

            1. Section 54 – Abolition of pre-enactment powers of arrest

            2. Section 55 – Abolition of requirement for constable to charge

            3. Section 56 – Consequential modification

         2. Code of practice about investigative function

            1. Section 57 – Code of practice about investigative functions

         3. Disapplication of Part

            1. Section 58 – Disapplication in relation to service offences

            2. Section 59 – Disapplication in relation to terrorism offences

         4. Powers to modify Part

            1. Section 60 – Further provision about application of Part

            2. Section 61 – Further provision about vulnerable persons

         5. Interpretation of Part

            1. Section 62 – Meaning of constable

            2. Section 63 – Meaning of officially accused

            3. Section 64 – Meaning of police custody

   2. Part 2 – Search by Police

      1. Chapter 1 – Search of person not in police custody

         1. Lawfulness of search by constable

            1. Section 65 – Limitation on what enables search

            2. Section 66 – Cases involving removal of person

            3. Section 67 – Public safety at premises or events

            4. Section 68 – Duty to consider child’s wellbeing

         2. Miscellaneous and definitions

            1. Section 69 – Publication of information by police

            2. Section 70 – Provisions about possession of alcohol

            3. Section 71 – Matters as to effect of sections 65, 66 and 70

      2. Chapter 2 – Code of practice

         1. Making and status of code

            1. Section 73 – Contents of code of practice

            2. Section 74 – Review of code of practice

            3. Section 75 – Legal status of code of practice

         2. Procedure applying to code

            1. Section 76 – Consultation on code of practice

            2. Section 77 – Bringing code of practice into effect

   3. Part 3 – Solemn Procedure

      1. Section 78 – Proceedings on petition

      2. Section 79 – Pre-trial time limits

      3. Section 80 – Duty of parties to communicate

      4. Section 81 – First diets

      5. Section 82 – Preliminary hearings

      6. Section 83 – Plea of guilty

   4. Part 4 – Sentencing

      1. Maximum term for weapons offences

         1. Section 84 – Maximum term for weapons offences

      2. Prisoners on early release

         1. Section 85 – Sentencing under the 1995 Act

         2. Section 86 – Sentencing under the 1993 Act

   5. Part 5 – Appeals and Sccrc

      1. Appeals

         1. Section 87 – Preliminary pleas in summary cases

         2. Section 88 – Preliminary diets in solemn cases

         3. Section 89 – Extending certain time limits: summary

         4. Section 90 – Extending certain time limits: solemn

         5. Section 91 – Certain lateness not excusable

         6. Section 92 – Advocation in solemn proceedings

         7. Section 93 – Advocation in summary proceedings

         8. Section 94 – Finality of appeal proceedings

      2. SCCRC

         1. Section 96 – References by SCCRC

   6. Part 6 - Miscellaneous

      1. Chapter 1 – Publication of prosecutorial test

         1. Section 97 – Publication of prosecutorial test

      2. Chapter 2 - Support for Vulnerable Persons

         1. Section 98– Meaning of appropriate adult support

         2. Section 99 - Responsibility for ensuring availability of appropriate adults

         3. Section 100 - Assessment of quality of appropriate adult support

         4. Section 101 - Training for appropriate adults

         5. Section 103 - Duty to ensure quality assessment takes place

         6. Section 104 - Elaboration of regulation-making powers under this Chapter

         7. Section 105 - Procedure for making regulations under this Chapter

         8. Section 106 - Other powers of Ministers unaffected

      3. Chapter 3 - Notification if parent of under 18 imprisoned

         1. Section 107 – Child’s named person to be notified

      4. Chapter 4 – Statements and procedure

         1. Statements by accused

            1. Section 109 – Statements by accused

         2. Use of technology

            1. Section 110 – Live television links

               1. Inserted section 288H – Participation through live television link

               2. Inserted section 288I – Evidence and personal appearance

               3. Inserted section 288J– Effect of postponement

               4. Inserted section 288K – Specified hearings

               5. Inserted section 288L – Defined terms

            2. Section 111 – Electronic proceedings

      5. Chapter 5 – Authorisation under Part III of the Police Act 1997

         1. Section 112 – Authorisation of persons other than constables

      6. Chapter 6 – Police Negotiating Board for Scotland

         1. Section 113 – Establishment and functions

         2. Section 114 – Consequential and transitional

   7. Schedule 1 – Breach of Liberation Condition

      1. Paragraph 1 – Offence of breaching condition

      2. Paragraph 2 – Sentencing for the offence

      3. Paragraph 3 – Breach by committing offence

      4. Paragraph 4 – Matters for paragraph 3(2)(b)

      5. Paragraph 5 – Matters for paragraph 3(2)(c)

      6. Paragraph 6 – Evidential presumptions

   8. Schedule 2 – Modifications in Connection With Part 1

   9. Schedule 3 – Police Negotiating Board for Scotland

3. Parliamentary History