If a person (“A”) who has attained the age of 18 years—
(a)intentionally engages in a sexual activity with or directed towards another person (“B”) who is under 18, and
(b)is in a position of trust in relation to B,
then A commits an offence, to be known as the offence of sexual abuse of trust.
(1)For the purposes of section 42, a person (“A”) is in a position of trust in relation to another person (“B”) if any of the five conditions set out below is fulfilled.
(2)The first condition is that B is detained by virtue of an order of court or under an enactment in an institution and A looks after persons under 18 in that institution.
(3)The second condition is that B is resident in a home or other place in which accommodation is provided by a local authority under section 26(1) of the Children (Scotland) Act 1995 (c. 36) and A looks after persons under 18 in that place.
(4)The third condition is that B is accommodated and cared for in—
(a)a hospital,
(b)accommodation provided by an independent health care service,
(c)accommodation provided by a care home service,
(d)a residential establishment, or
(e)accommodation provided by a school care accommodation service or a secure accommodation service,
and A looks after persons under 18 in that place.
(5)The fourth condition is that B is receiving education at—
(a)a school and A looks after persons under 18 in that school, or
(b)a further or higher education institution and A looks after B in that institution.
(6)The fifth condition is that A—
(a)has any parental responsibilities or parental rights in respect of B,
(b)fulfils any such responsibilities or exercises any such rights under arrangement with a person who has such responsibilities or rights,
(c)had any such responsibilities or rights but no longer has such responsibilities or rights, or
(d)treats B as a child of A’s family,
and B is a member of the same household as A.
(7)A looks after a person for the purposes of this section if A regularly cares for, teaches, trains, supervises, or is in sole charge of the person.
(8)The Scottish Ministers may by order modify this section (other than this subsection) and section 44 so as to add, delete or amend a condition.
In section 43—
“care home service” has the meaning given by section 2(3) of the Regulation of Care (Scotland) Act 2001 (asp 8) (“the 2001 Act”),
“further or higher education institution” means a body listed in schedule 2 to the Further and Higher Education (Scotland) Act 2005 (asp 6),
“hospital” means a health service hospital (as defined in section 108(1) of the National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1978 (c. 29)),
“independent health care service” has the meaning given by section 2(5) of the 2001 Act,
“local authority” means a council constituted under section 2 of the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994 (c. 39),
“parental responsibilities” and “parental rights” have the same meanings as in the Children (Scotland) Act 1995 (c. 36),
“residential establishment” has the meaning given by section 93(1)(a) of that Act of 1995,
“school” has the same meaning as in the Education (Scotland) Act 1980 (c. 44),
“school care accommodation service” has the meaning given by section 2(4) of the 2001 Act, and
“secure accommodation service” has the meaning given by section 2(9) of the 2001 Act.
(1)It is a defence to a charge in proceedings under section 42 that A reasonably believed—
(a)that B had attained the age of 18, or
(b)that B was not a person in relation to whom A was in a position of trust.
(2)It is a defence to a charge in proceedings under section 42—
(a)that B was A’s spouse or civil partner, or
(b)that immediately before the position of trust came into being, a sexual relationship existed between A and B.
(3)Subsection (2) does not apply if A was in a position of trust in relation to B by virtue of section 43(6).